新时代核心英语教程综合英语4教学课件U6.pptxVIP

;6;;;;;;;A Short Guide to Writing About History Text A is an excerpt from A Short Guide to Writing About History, a very successful guide book about historical writing which has been used by a large number of American college students. The coauthors of this book, Richard Marius and Melvin E. Page have gained abundant experiences of studying history and teaching historical writing, respectively, at Harvard University and East Tennessee State University. ;;;1. Historians are curious and relentless questioners, and the questions they ponder arise from any number of sources. (Para. 1) “Source” is generally understood as a thing, place, activity, etc. that one gets something from. In this sentence, “source” in the context of historical studies refers to a book or document that supplies a historian with information. ;2. Writing allows us to arrange events and our thoughts, study our work, weed out contradictions, get names and places right, and question interpretations, our own and those of other historians. In writing we work out the chronological order of events—not a simple task but one indispensable to the historian’s craft. (Para. 2);3. They must develop an idea with logic and clarity, knowing that a reader can study their words again and again and discover whether the words add up to a plausible argument, given the evidence available. (Para. 2) Paraphrase: They must develop an idea reasonably, correctly and clearly, because they know that a reader can read and think about their words repeatedly and find out whether their argument is reasonable based on the evidence they can find. ;4. Good talkers can contradict themselves, waffle, and weasel, and on being called to task, can claim that their hearers misunderstood them. Writers, however, must strive to be clear, logical, and fair, or they will be found out. (Para. 2) Paraphrase: Good talkers can say something that is in conflict with what they said before, and talk a lot without saying anything important or trustwor