大学思辨英语教程精读4教学课件Unit_10.pptx

Unit 10 Justice;;;;Critical Thinking ;Lead in;Lead in;Background Knowledge;Background Knowledge;Background Knowledge; ; ;What are the two defects of 20th century social justice theories according to Hayek? Can you explain the two defects with your own examples?;Second, social justice is generally considered a moral virtue, which, by definition, concerns the righteousness of personal conduct. However, when proponents enumerate features of social justice, frequent mentionings are made about impersonal instead of personal indexes such as “high unemployment,” “inequality of income,” or similar policy concerns, thus the embarrassing mismatch between a personal issue in theory with a collective topic in practice.; ; ;1. According to Mill, the highest standard of social justice is that “society should treat all equally well who have deserved equally well of it…” (Para. 3) What might be Mill’s criteria for judging whether one deserves something? Would his criteria be based on one’s seniority, needs and wants, work performance, or contribution to the society? What might he mean by “treat all equally well”?;This quotation is from Utilitarianism in which Mill explicates utilitarianism and the seeming contradiction between the pursuit of utility and social justice, so attempts to decipher the latter should be conducted in light of the former. Since it is Mill’s staunch belief that everyone, if they do not interfere into other’s freedom, should be unrestrained in their endeavor to maximize their utility, or happiness, people “who have deserved equally well of it” should be those who have obtained what they have through their own talent, effort, and intelligence, instead of those who are the most respected or who make the greatest contribution to society. ;Continued;2. Does Novak agree with Mill that “societies can be virtuous in the same way that individuals can be” (Para. 4)? Why or why not?;Continued;3. What does the “death of God” (Para. 5) mean in the modern history of West