ThehistoryofEnglishlanguage(英汉双语)分析和总结.pdfVIP

英语属于西日耳曼语支，起源于盎格鲁 -弗里西亚方言，是在日耳曼人入侵时被引入不列颠的。 English is a West Germanic language that originated from theAnglo-Frisian dialects, brought to Britain by Germanic invaders 最初的古英语由多种方言组成，晚期西撒克逊语最终成为了统一英语的语言。 现代人所认识的英语，很大程度上和公元 1400 年的书面中古英语相似。这种转变是由历史上两 次入侵引起的。第一次是来自北日耳曼语支 North Germanic languages. （也称斯堪的那维亚语支） 的入侵，他们在公元八、九世纪征服并使部分不列颠岛成为他们的殖民地。第二次是十一世纪 时来自诺曼人的入侵，他们讲的古诺曼语最终发展为英语的一种变体，称为盎格鲁 -诺曼语。 Middle English differed from Old English because of two invasions which occurred during the Middle Ages. The 1st invasion was by peoples who spoke North Germanic languages. They conquered and colonized parts of Britain during the 8th and 9th centuries A.D. The 2nd invasion was by the Normans of the 11th century, who spoke Old Norman and eventually developed an English form thereof called Anglo-Norman. Proto-English 英语诞生于日耳曼人的语言，主要包括盎格鲁语，撒克逊语，弗里西语，朱特语。这其中还可 能含有法兰克语，之后又融合了拉丁语。 The languages of Germanic peoples gave rise to the English language( the best known are the Angles, Saxons, Frisii, Jutes and possibly some Franks,) . Latin loan wordsentered the vocabulary. Old English – from the mid-5th century to the mid-11th century 人们现在所讲的古英语是长期以来多个殖民部落的方言融合而形成的。在盎格鲁 -撒克逊入侵之 后，日耳曼语言就取代了大不列颠某地区（现英格兰岛）上本土的布立吞语和拉丁语。凯尔特 语则在苏格兰、威尔士、康沃尔等地保留下来。 What is now called Old Englishemerged over time out of the many dialects and languages of the colonising tribes. After the Anglo-Saxon invasion, the Germanic language possibly displaced the indigenousBrythonic languages andLatin in most of the areas ofGreat Britainthat later became England. The originalCeltic languagesremained in parts ofScotland, Walesand Cornwall 拉丁语也在这些地区作为凯尔特教堂用语、受过高等教育的人使用的高尚语言得以保留。拉丁 语后来还被凯尔特和罗马教堂的传教士重新引入英格兰，对英语语言产生很大影响。 Latin also remained in these areas as the language of the Celtic Church and of higher education for the nobility. Latin was later