高考英语备考：解答词义猜测题的五种方法.docx

高考英语备考：解答词义猜测题的五种方法 阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的单词和短语，但许多这类词语的含义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断词语含义的能力，是一个合格的读者必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读理解部分经常考查的一种能力。从历年已考过的单词或词组来看，既可以考查超纲词的含义、也可考查熟词生义。 自2014年以来，16套全国卷共出现16道题考查词义猜测，即每年每套题考查1道题。 一、常见提问方式 1. What does the underlined word /phrase“...”in paragraph ... refer to？ 2. What does the underlined word /phrase“...”in paragraph ... probably mean？ 3. What do the underlined words“...”in paragraph ... mean？ 4. Which of the following best explains“...”underlined in paragraph ...？ 5. What is“...”in the last paragraph？ 6. What does the author mean by“...”in paragraph ... 7. Which of the following can（best）replace the underlined word/phrase“...”in Paragraph ...？ 8. What does that term“...”in the text mean？ 9. The underlined word“...”probably refers to ________. 10. In the last paragraph“...”probably means ______. 二、具体解题方法 1. 上下文语境法 利用上下文提供的语境和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，从而推断词义。 [经典例题]（2019年全国Ⅰ卷B篇） But he’s nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should ... should ...”Chris trips on the“-ld，”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher， Thomas Whaley， is next to him， whispering support.“... Vote for ... me ...”Except for some stumbles， Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion， Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to？ A. Improper pauses.? ? ? ? ? ? B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes.? ? ? ? ? ?D. Silly jokes. 思路点拨：由前文中的“I’m here to tell you today why you should ... should ...”及 “... Vote for ... me ...”可知，由于紧张，Chris在演讲过程中打结巴，出现了多处停顿，而这些停顿显然是不恰当的，故选A项。Bad manners（没有礼貌）、Spelling mistakes（拼写错误）、Silly jokes（愚蠢的笑话）明显不符合文意。 2. 定义法 考生可根据对需要猜测其含义的单词或词组后的定义来推断其含义，或通过破折号、冒号、括号、定语从句或同位语从句等方式进行的解释说明来推断其含义。常见的标志词有：in other words， that is， that is to say等。 [经典例题]（2017年天津卷C篇） The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles（自动驾驶车辆）：the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars