美国企业研究所-也门的胡塞和伊朗抵抗轴心的扩张（英）-2022.3.pdfVIP

Yemen’s Houthis and the Expansion of Iran’s Axis of Resistance Katherine Zimmerman M A RCH 2022 A M E R I C A N E N T E R A P R I S E I N S T I T U T E Content Abbreviations ii Executive Summary 1 Introduction 4 An Overview: Iran and the Axis of Resistance’s Investments in the Houthis 7 What to Understand from the Houthi-Iran Relationship 13 Implications for US Foreign Policy 18 Appendix A. Iran’s Wide-Ranging Support to the Houthis 21 Appendix B. Hezbollah and the Houthis 40 Appendix C. Building Ties with Iraqi Shi’a Militias, the Assad Regime, Hamas, and Palestinian Islamic Jihad 45 About the Author 50 Acknowledgments 50 About the Critical Threats Project at the American Enterprise Institute 50 Notes 51 About Our Technology Partners 79 i Abbreviations ATGM anti-tank guided missile CENTCOM US Central Command EFP explosively formed penetrator IED improvised explosive device IRCS Iranian Red Crescent Society IRGC Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps JAM Jaysh al Mahdi MANPADS man-portable air defense system PIJ Palestinian Islamic Jihad PMF (Iraqi) Popular Mobilization Forces RCIED radio-controlled IED RDX Royal Demolition eXplosive (cyclonite) RPG rocket-propelled grenade SAM surface-to-air missile SRBM short-range ballistic missile SSM surface-to-surface missile THAAD Terminal High Altitude Area Def