专转本英语语法之被动语态.ppt

三、被动语态的几种特殊结构 除了助动词be加及物动词的过去分词这种最常见的被动语态结构外，还有一些特殊结构。 6. 介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义 表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动意义，相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。如： ①“under +名词”结构，表示“某事正在进行中”。常见的有：under control(受控制), under treatment(正在治疗中), under repair(正在修理中), under discussion(正在讨论中), under construction(正在建设中)。 The road is under construction. = The road is being constructed. 这条路正在（被）建设。 We are under attack. = We are being attacked. 我们正在遭受/被攻击。 三、被动语态的几种特殊结构 除了助动词be加及物动词的过去分词这种最常见的被动语态结构外，还有一些特殊结构。 * 南大专转本 科目：被动语态 教师：Sean 英语动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态(active voice)表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态(passive voice)表示主语是动作的承受着。 一、被动语态的形式 被动语态一般情况下由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。下面以动词give为例，将各种时态被动语态的形式列表如下： 被动语态 体 时间 一 般 进 行 完 成 现在 am/is/are given am/is/are being given has/have been given 过去 was/were given was/were being given had been given 将来 will/shall be given —— will have been given 过去将来 would be given —— —— 被动语态常用于下面的情况中： 1. 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者时。如： Printing was introduced into Europe from China. His car was stolen a week ago. In that case no water would be brought into the river. 2. 当我们认为没有必要指出或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时。如： Television ads are usually repeated over and over again. No decision has been made so far. She was given so much without having to do anything in return. 3. 虽然需要同时指出动作的执行者，但我们强调或突出的是动作的承受者，此时动作的执行者用介词by加代表动作执行者的名词或代词表示。如： The book Treasure Island was written in 1883 by Robert Stevenson, a British writer. A special apparatus was used by the psychologist to study short-term memory. Her plan has not been approved by the management. 二、被动语态的用法 除了助动词be加及物动词的过去分词这种最常见的被动语态结构外，还有一些特殊结构。 1. 含有情态动词的被动语态结构。这种结构的构成是：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词。如： The goods must be shipped before then end of September. In this case, bad things can be turned into good things. That is why the other half of the moon cannot be seen from the earth. 三、被动语态的几种特殊结构 除了助动词be加及物动词的过去分词这种最常见的被动语态结构外，还有一些特殊结构。 2. 短语动词的被动语态结构。所谓短语动词，指的是某些动词和其它词类，如介词、副词、或名词+介词构成的固定词组。如： depend on (动词+介词) turn off (动词+副词) go on with (动词+副词+介词)