寄生虫原虫刚地弓形虫36.pptxVIP

简称弓形虫，弓浆虫。寄生于人和许多种动物的有核细胞，引起人畜共患的弓形虫病(toxoplasmosis )。特别在宿主免疫功能低下时致病，属机会致病原虫(opportunistic protozoan);一、形态;二、生活史;寄生部位：所有有核细胞 宿主：广泛感染阶段：卵囊，滋养体（速殖子、假包囊），包囊感染方式：1）后天感染 a)误食被卵囊污染的食物。 b)生吃肉类、乳类 c)通过器官移植、输血等医疗手段2）先天感染 孕早期感染弓形虫，通过胎盘传给胎儿;三、致病;虫株毒力 RH 株（强毒株）可使宿主迅速死亡 Beverley 株（弱毒株） 增殖缓慢，易形成包囊;临床分型：1、先天性弓形虫病孕早期弓形虫通过胎盘传给胎儿,可造成流产，早产，畸胎或死产。2、获得性弓形虫病因侵犯部位和机体反应性不同临床表现;弓形虫脑病; 眼弓形虫病;四 、实验诊断;五、流行;广泛流行的原因 1、多个生活史阶段均有感染性。 2、中间宿主极广泛。3、可在终宿主间、中间宿主间、终宿主与中间 宿主间互相感染。4、包囊可在中间宿主组织内长期存在。5、卵囊排放量大，抵抗力强。;六、防治;其他机会致病原虫;;Pneumocystis jiroveci trophozoites in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) material; Giemsa stain.? The trophozoite are small (size: 1 to 5 μm), and only their nuclei, stained purple, are visible (arrows).? AIDS patient seen in Atlanta,? Georgia.;Indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies against Pneumocystis jiroveci.? Specimen from a patient with AIDS, seen in Georgia.;;Oocysts of Isospora belli can also be stained with acid-fast stain, and can be visualized by epifluorescence on wet mounts, as illustrated.? Three coccidian parasites that most commonly infect humans, seen in acid-fast stained smears (A, C, and F), bright-field differential interference contrast (B, D, and G) and epifluorescence (E and H, C. parvum oocysts do not autofluoresce).;A, B, C: Oocysts of Isospora belli.? The oocysts are large (25 to 30 μm) and? have a typical ellipsoidal shape.? When excreted, they are immature and contain one sporoblast (A, B).? The oocyst matures after excretion: the single sporoblast divides in two sporoblasts (C), which develop cyst walls, ing sporocysts, which eventually contain four sporozoites each.? Images contributed by Georgia Division of Public Health.;Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum stained by the modified acid-fast method.? Against a blue-green background, the oocysts stand out in a bright red stain.? Sporozoites are visible inside the two oocysts to the right.;Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum, in wet mount, seen with differential inter