通信原理课件西南交大版第7章版.pptxVIP

Chapter 7: Digital transmission for analog signals ;Chapter 7 Digital transmission for analog signals;7.1 Introduction;Example: Digital mobile communication systems ;Analog source decoder;m(t) (V);m(t) (V);;;15 14 13 12 11 109 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0;;;0 01101111101;Waveform encoding to convert the time-domain waveform into bit stream directly with high rate:16~64kbps e.g.： ITU G.712，PCM,64kbps ITU G.721，ADPCM, 32kbps with good reconstruction quality characteristic encoder（speech encoder） to extract and the characteristics of speech signals and change them into bit stream with low rate:1.2～4.8kbps with poor reconstruction quality;Hybrid encoding Hybrid encoding of partial waveform information and a number of characteristics With medium speech quality With medium rate: 8~16kbps Extensively applied to commercial wireless communication systems including GSM and CDMA;7.2 Sampling theorem;Impulse sampling;Periodic impulse sequence;The waveform and spectrum ;T;;Reconstruction;Output signal of LPF;;7.3 Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM);7.3.1 Natural sampling (Gating);Periodic rectangle pulse sequence;Periodic rectangle pulse sequence (Cont.);Waveform and spectrum of naturally sampled signals;;7.3.2 Instantaneous sampling (Flat-top sampling);;Waveform and spectrum of instantaneously sampled signals;;7.4 带通信号抽样定理;fs与fH的关系;;;均匀量化特性 量化间隔相等，且 其中量化器量化范围为[a,b],量化电平数为 M 量化电平 分层电平;;量化器输入信号功率S0 信号量化噪声功率比;〔例9.1〕 设一M个量化电平的均匀量化器，其输入信号在区间[-a,a]具有均匀概率密度函数，试求该量化器平均信号功率与量化噪声功率比（量化信噪比）;;均匀量化的特点 在固定量化间隔 时，均匀量化时的量化噪声功率与输入的抽样值大小无关 如果输入信号在[-a,a]区间上均匀分布,均匀量化信号信噪比只与量化电平数M有关 在固定量化间隔 时，弱信号的量化信噪比较低，而强信号的量化信噪比较高;电话信号采用均匀量化主要缺点 电话信号的动态范围40dB～50dB 发话人的音量、习惯、情绪等因素，约30dB 线路损耗：25~30dB 电话信号要求的信噪比应大于25dB 如果采用均匀量化器所需的编码位数n?12 语音信号取小信号的概率大，而均匀???化时小信号量化信噪比远远小于大信号;7.5.2 非均匀量化;压缩器;对数量化及其折线近似;?=1;信噪比改善程度 例如，假定?＝100，小信号时[Q]dB=26.7dB,大信号时[Q]dB=-13.3dB;?=255;A压缩律 A律对数压缩特性，A＝87.6;A=1;y;;将模拟信号的抽样量化值变换成代码 模拟信号的抽样、量化和编码;样值脉冲极性;编码位数的选择 可懂：3~4位非线性编码 理想：7~