实验手册waves and optics光与波动学31绳波.pdfVIP

实验Experiment P31: Waves on a String 绳波 (Power Amplifier) （功率放大器） Concept: waves概念：波 Time: 45 m SW Interface: 700 Macintosh_ file: P31 Waves on a String Windows_ file: P31_WAVE.SWS EQUIPMENT NEEDED所需仪器 • Science Workshop_ Interface • Power Amplifier功率放大器 • Balance (for measuring mass) 天平（用于测量质量） • graph paper坐标纸 • Mass and Hanger Set物块和吊架装置 • meter stick米尺 • (2) Patch Cords, banana plug 接插线，香蕉插头 • Pulley Mounting Rod滑轮安装杆 • String, 10 meters 细绳，10m • Super Pulley超级滑轮 • Support Rod支撑杆 • (2) Table Clamp桌面 • Wave Driver波驱动器 PURPOSE 目的 The purpose of this laboratory activity is to investigate standing waves in a string and to use the relationship between the tension in the string, the frequency of oscillation, the length of the string, and the number of segments in the standing wave to find the linear mass density of the string.本 实验的目的是研究绳子上的驻波，并根据绳子的张力、振动频率、绳子长度和驻波的段数 之间的关系，来找出绳子的质量线密度。 THEORY原理 When a stretched string is plucked it will vibrate in its fundamental mode in a single segment with nodes on each end. If the string is driven at this fundamental frequency, a standing wave is formed. Standing waves also form if the string is driven at any integer multiple of the fundamental frequency. These higher frequencies are called the harmonics.当一根伸长的绳子 被弹拨时， it will vibrate in its fundamental mode in a single segment with nodes on each end. 如果以固有频率驱动绳子，将形成一个驻波。如果以固有频率的任意整数倍驱动绳子时， 也会形成驻波。这些较高的频率被称为谐量。 Each segment is equal to half a wavelength. In general for a given harmonic, the wavelength is shown by  where L is the length of the stretched string and n is the number of segments in the string. 每一段等于半个波长。一般来说，对于一个给定的谐振，波长可表示 为 ，这里的L是绳子伸长后的长度，n绳子上波的段数。 The linear mass density of the string can be directly measured by weighing a known length of the string:  绳子的质量线密度可通过称量一个已知长度的绳子的重量来直接测 量： 。 The linear mass densi