光电子学与光子学原理与实践第三章答案.pdf

Preliminary Solutions to Problems and Question Chapter 3 Note: Printing errors and corrections are indicated in dark red in Questions 3.21 and 3.33 22 -3 3.1 Metals and work function The metal sodium (Na) has an atomic concentration of 2.54×10 cm . Each Na atom in isolation has one outer valence electron in an unfilled 3s-subshell. Once the solid is formed, the outer valence electrons from all Na atoms are shared in the crystal by all Na+ ions, that is, these valence electrons find themselves in an unfilled energy band as in Figure 3.1(c). Since each Na atom donates one electron to the energy band, the electron concentration is the same as the atomic concentration. Calculate the Fermi energy at 0K. What is the speed of the electrons at EF ? What should be the speed at 300 K if the electrons could be treated classically in terms of the kinetic molecular theory as if they were free, similar to the atoms in a gas? Solution  h2   3n  2 / 3  h2   3N a  2 / 3 Fermi energy at 0 K for metals E   ≈   = 3.15 eV FO      8m  π  8m  π  e     e    1 2 2EFO 6 The speed of the electrons at EF me v EFO ∴ v = 1.05×10 m/s 2 m