英文班水电解质授课.ppt

;伴有水、电和酸、碱紊乱的程度 1 存在严重的脱水,如何补液？ 2 第三间隙的液体急剧积聚，何为第三间隙？ 3 Na+ 155mmol/l, Cl- 115mmol/l, K + 6.5mmol/l, Ca 1.0mmmol/l，如何纠正？ 4 伴有代谢性酸中毒、呼吸性碱中毒，如何处理？ ;Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-base disturbances;Fig;How to differentiate function and non-function interstitial fluids;Non-function: Fluids in cavity in normal status.Including cerebrospinal ,joint,pericardium and abdominal cavity fluids.;Third Space;Distribution: exudates in burns; ascites; soft tissue injuries. bowel wall;peritoneum;infected lesions. Attention: not confused with the nonfunctioning components from interstitial fluid. ;The Concept of Osmotic Pressure; ; ;Plasma Osmotic Pressure;Relation between Osmotic pressure and distribution of body fluid;Plasmatic Colloid OP：Plasma protein contributes a force leading to distribution of ECF Interstitial Crystal OP：Contributes to the shift of extracellular and intracellular water;Plasma;The Regulation of Body Fluid Balance;;Maintaining the concentration Integral dose of natrium: ; Volume regulation(Blood-volume );Classification of body fluid change(Four Types); ;Composition Changes Acid-base disturbances Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium abnormalities;Volume Changes;Isotonic ECF deficit;Etiologies ( Acute ) External-losses: gastrointestinal fluids due to vomiting, nasogastic suction, diarrhea, and digestive tract fistula;Internal-losses :sequestration (Third Space） Soft tissue injuries and infection, burns Intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal inflammation intestinal obstruction, bowel wall,peritonitis;; ; Moderate Severe CV Orthostatic hypotension Cutaneous lividity Tachycardia Hypotension Collapsed veins Distant heart sounds Collapsing pulse Cold extremities Tissue signs Soft,small tongue Atonic muscles longitudinal wrinkling Sunken eyes