人教课标版高中英语必修4 Unit4_单元语法详解：动词的-ing形式.docVIP

GRAMMAR 动词-ing形式作定语 【归纳】 ★单个的动词-ing形式作定语常位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰成分的性质或用途，也可以表示被修饰成分的动作或状态。如： The experiment was an amazing success. You can find Jennifer in the reading room. Children in many developing countries cant get basic medical care. They quickly moved the sleeping man out of the prison. ★动词-ing形式还可用在名词后作定语，作用相当于一个定语从句。如： The village is made up of 490 families belonging (= who belong) to five nationalities. Do you know the woman talking (= who is talking) to Jim? 【拓展】 动词-ing形式的被动式（being done）也可作定语，表示正在发生的被动动作。如： We must keep the things being discussed a secret. I knew nothing about the experiment being performed there. 动词-ing形式作状语 【归纳】 ★动词-ing形式可作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果或伴随情况等，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致，动词-ing形式所表示的动作与主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。如： Hearing the news, we all jumped with joy. Working hard, youll certainly make your dream come true. Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note. Weighing almost one hundred kilos, the stone was moved by the boy alone. Her husband died in 1960, leaving her with five children. The little girl was lying in bed crying. ★动词-ing形式的一般式所表示的动作常与谓语动作同时发生，其完成式（having done）所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。如： Following Tom, we started to climb. Having found a hotel, we began to look for a restaurant. ★动词-ing形式的否定形式常在其前面加not。如： Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. Not having got an answer, I decided to write him another letter. ★动词-ing形式作状语，其前往往可以加when, while, if, unless, once, though, as if等连词，构成“连词+动词-ing形式”结构。如： John hurt his leg while playing football. The man turned round from time to time as if searching for someone. 【拓展】 动词-ing形式可以有其独立的逻辑主语，二者构成独立主格结构。如： The day being fine, we decided to go swimming. We explored the cave, Mike acting as guide. 【综合练习】 用括号内动词的正确形式（包括动词-ing形式、不定式和过去分词）完成下面短文。 While in London, I just had to go to the British Museum. Theres so much 1. ________ (see) and I only had time to spend a few hours there. First, I went to the collection of clocks and watches. 2. ________ (see) the pocket watches, I was reminde