数控车床上下料机械手设计.doc

西安工业大学北方信息工程学院毕业设计（论文） 本科毕业设计(论文) 题目：数控车床上下料机械手设计 PAGE I PAGE I PAGE PAGE I 数控车床上下料机械手设计 摘 要 实践证明，工业机械手可以代替人手的繁重劳动，显著减轻工人的劳动强度，从而提高经济效益。工业生产中经常出现的笨重工件的搬运和长期频繁、单调的操作，采用机械手是非常有效的。在繁重的条件下进行的操作，更显示其优越性，有着广阔的发展前途。 本课题是为普通车床配套而设计的一种自动上下料装置的双手臂的机械手。本文对机械手进行了总体方案的设计，确定了机械手的坐标型式、三个自由度和机械手的技术参数,并分别确定了该机械手的手臂的回转机构和升降机构，双支点回转型手部结构，并利用AutoCAD软件绘制了车床上下料机械手装配图，手部结构图以及一些主要的零件图，同时也简要的介绍了工业机器人的概念，机械手的组成和分类，机械手的自由度和坐标型式等基本知识。 本次题目的设计要求是抓取重物30kg,机械手的双臂可同时升降并在水平面内一起作90°回转动作，升降300mm,装在手臂前端的手，可作夹紧或松开工件的开闭动作。机械手工作时，通过手臂的升降、回转和手的开闭，可完成工件上、下料的自动循环。手臂的回转装置采用了齿条齿轮机构，同时依靠液压缸的驱动实现了手臂的升降运动。由于工作对象为孔径结构的工件，所以设计的手部是双手臂，并且为双支点回转型V型手指。液压系统具有结构简单，便于维护和维修，自身具有润滑功能等优点。 数控车床上下料机械手，特点是结构精巧，占地面积小，动作简捷，功能全，可靠性高。 关键词：工业机器人；机械手；液压系统；液压 PAGE PAGE PAGE III PAGE PAGE II Design of Loading and Unloading Manipulator for NC Lathe Abstract Practice a certificate, the industrial machine hand can replace the heavy labor of hand, show the labor strength that the Zhao eases a worker and raise an economic performance thus. The industry produce medium usually appear of the porterage of bulky work piece and multifarious over a long period of time, monotonous of operation, adopt a machine hand is very valid. The operation carried on under the heavy condition, show more it superiority, have vast development prospect. This topic is the machine hand of hands arm which is common lather kit but a kind of auto of design to up and down anticipate device. This text carried on the design of the total project to the machine hand and made sure a machine hand of sit mark pattern, three freedom degree and machine hand of technique parameter, and respectively made sure the turn-over organization of the arm of the machines hand and ascend and descend organization, double fulcrum turn-over type hand structure, and made use of the software of AutoCAD to draw the lather up and down anticipates the machine hand assemble diagram, the hand structure is diagram and some main spare parts diagrams, also in the