2021届高考英语二轮复习(新高考版) 第1部分 阅读理解与七选五 专题一 第3讲　主旨大意题——整体理解，概括归纳.docx免费

第3讲　主旨大意题——整体理解，概括归纳 在高考中，英语阅读理解部分的主旨大意题一直都是阅读技能的难点也是重点，而掌握所读材料的主旨和大意也是高考对考生的基本要求之一。主旨大意题要求考生在理解全文的基础上对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。 主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一个段落的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的大意、标题或目的设题。 常见的设问方式 1．What is the text mainly about? 2．What is mainly discussed in the text? 3．The main idea/The general idea/The main theme of this passage is . 4．The passage mainly focuses on . 5．What is the best title for the text? 6．What is Paragraph X mainly about? 7．What does the story mainly tell us? 8．What is the main purpose of the passage? ... 选项特征 1．正确选项的特征 (1)概括性强，覆盖全文或全段主要内容。 (2)范围恰当，既不太大也不太小。 (3)精准到位，所使用的概括性语言不因为是概括语言而失去表意的程度和色彩。 2．干扰选项的特征 (1)概括过度。所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。 (2)以偏概全。所给选项只归纳概括了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。 (3)偷梁换柱。所给选项被命题者有意识地把不属于主旨大意的内容放在了此处，若不注意，就可能选错。 (4)无中生有。所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无关系。 技法一　最佳标题题——“高度概括”定标题 记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。设问形式常有： 1．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 2．What can be a suitable title for the text? 3．What is the best title for this passage? 4．The most suitable title of this passage is “ ”． 一个好的标题应具备三大特点：概括准——准确而又简短；针对性强——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；醒目——能引发读者的阅读欲望。所以常用“高度概括”来定标题的方法解此类试题。 1．所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。 2．一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。 (2020·全国Ⅱ·D)　体裁：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——作者对图书馆的热爱 I have a special place in my heart for libraries.I have for as long as I can remember.I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child.Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties，I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library. My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old.It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time. As I grew older and became a mother，the library took on a new place and an added meaning in m