人教版book8unit4语法学案 (2).docxVIP

PAGE / NUMPAGESPAGE / NUMPAGESPAGE / NUMPAGES Book8 Unit 4-过去分词作状语 一．过去分词作状语 1.过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。 2.过去分词作状语表示_____/或______的动作,相当一个状语从句。 3.过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句的主语要保持一致。 二．重难点辨析 重难点辨析〔一〕：主语一致 _______ from the hill, you will find the?city?looks?like?a?big?garden. _______from the hill, the?city?looks like?a?big?garden. 如果句子的主语和分词是主动关系, 用_______ , 句子的主语和分词是被动关系 ,用_________。 1. 从上面看,体育场好似一个鸟巢。 ____ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen 2. 从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。 ____ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Seen 重难点辨析〔二〕：不表被动的特殊情况 1.有些过去分词因来源于系表结构 ,作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。 lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); 由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具有此用法。 如：frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed等。 Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. Surprised at what had happened, Tom didn’t know what to do. 三．使用过去分词作状语时容易错的两种情况 1. 无视了分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须是句中主语(或主动或被动)。如:? If heated, _______.? A.people can turn water into gas???? B. one can change ice into waterC. ice turns into water?????? D. people get water from ice 假设分词主语与句中主语不一致,那么可以用其他方法来修正: ①?给分词添加自己的主语,构成独立主格结构或改变语态。 ②改为相应的状语从句来表达。③用with复合结构等。 如:完成作业后,孩子们出去踢足球了。?? Finished their homework, the children went out to play football. →Their homework finished, the children went out to play football. (独立主格结构) →Having finished their homework, the children went out to play football. (现在分词完成形式)?→With their homework finished, the children went out to play football. (with的复合结构)?→After finishing their homework, the children went out to play football. (介词+动名词) 有些含有分词的固定插入语, 其逻辑主语不要求与主语一致。如: