分布式系统-第3章-虚拟化PPT课件.ppt

Chapter 3: Virtual Machines and Virtualization  of Clusters and datacenters虚拟化;3.1 虚拟化的实现层次 虚拟化技术通过在同一个硬件主机上多路复用虚拟机的方式来共享昂贵的硬件资源， 虚拟化的基本思想是分离软硬件以产生更好的系统性能 虚拟化实现的层次 引入虚拟化后，不同用户应用程序由自身的操作系统（即客户操作系统）管理，并且那些客户操作系统可以独立于主机操作系统同时运行在同一个硬件上，这通常是通过新添加一个称为虚拟化层的软件来完成，该虚拟化层称为hypervisor或虚拟机监视器（Virtual Machine Monitor，VMM） ;虚拟化软件的主要功能是将一个主机的物理硬件虚拟化为可被各虚拟机互斥使用的虚拟资源，可在多个层次实现;从硬件到应用程序的5个虚拟化抽象层次 ;指令集体系结构级：代码解释和动态二进制翻译 硬件抽象级：虚拟化一个计算机硬件资源 操作系统级：在单一物理服务器上创建隔离的容器和操作系统实例 库支持级：库接口的虚拟化 应用程序级：进程级虚拟化、高级语言（High Level Language，HLL）虚拟机;Virtualization at ISA level: Emulating a given ISA by the ISA of the host machine. For example, MIPS binary code can run on an x-86-based host machine with the help of ISA emulation. Typical systems: Bochs, Crusoe, Quemu, BIRD, Dynamo Advantage: It can run a large amount of legacy binary codes written for various processors on any given new hardware host machines; best application flexibility Shortcoming limitation: One source instruction may require tens or hundreds of native target instructions to perform its function, which is relatively slow. V-ISA requires adding a processor-specific software translation layer in the complier.;Virtualization at Hardware Abstraction level: Virtualization is performed right on top of the hardware. It generates virtual hardware environments for VMs, and manages the underlying hardware through virtualization. Typical systems: VMware, Virtual PC, Xen Advantage: has higher performance and good application isolation Shortcoming limitation: very expensive to implement (complexity) ;Virtualization at Operating System level: It is an abstraction layer between traditional OS and user placations. This virtualization creates isolated containers on a single physical server and the OS-instance to utilize the hardware and software in datacenters. Typical systems: Jail / Virtual Environment / Ensims VPS / FVM Advantage: have minimal starup/shutdown cost, low resource requirement, and high scalability; sync