汽车专业英语读译教程 ( 第3版 ) 课件 2-U2TA.ppt

TEXT A Operation, Main Components and Classification of the Engine Figure 2-2 Dual overhead camshaft（DOHC） driven by a toothed drive belt TEXT A Operation, Main Components and Classification of the Engine Valves Each engine cylinder ordinarily has two valves. However, modern engines often use four valves per cylinder (two intake and two exhaust). A few engines used in smaller vehicles have three or five valves per cylinder: two intake valves and one exhaust valve or three intake valves and two exhaust valves. Because the head of an exhaust valve operates at temperatures up to 1300℉ (704℃), valves are made of heat-resistant metal. In order to prevent burning, the valve must give off heat to the valve seat and to the valve guide. The valve must make good contact with the seat and must run with minimum clearance in the guide. TEXT A Operation, Main Components and Classification of the Engine Valve Lifters Mechanical valve lifters are usually made of cast iron. The bottom part that contacts the camshaft is hardened. Some lifters are hollow to reduce weight. Most valve trains that contain mechanical lifters have some provision for adjusting clearance. Mechanical valve lifters were used in older engines. Hydraulic valve lifters perform the same job as mechanical lifters. However, hydraulic lifters are self-adjusting, operate with no lifter-to-rocker arm clearance, and uses engine oil under pressure to operate. Hydraulic lifters are quiet in operation. TEXT A Operation, Main Components and Classification of the Engine 3. Engine Classification Cycle Classification Engines are often classified according to cycle. Most internal combustion piston engines use a two- or four-stroke cycle. All modern automobile engines use the four-stroke cycle engine. The two-stroke cycle engine performs the intake, compression, firing, and exhaust sequence in one revolution of the crankshaft. TEXT A Operation, Main Components and Classification of the E