医学微生物学：第9章 弧菌属.ppt

三、诊断与防治 SS琼脂平板或嗜盐菌选择平板 庆大霉素和复方SMZ-TMP 　 1.霍乱弧菌 （1）生物学性状（2）致病物质及所致疾病 2.副溶血性弧菌 所致疾病 关键问题 弧菌属致病菌种类。 霍乱弧菌肠毒素的致病机制。 试述霍乱弧菌的致病物质及所致疾病。 第九章 弧菌属(Vibrio) 第一节 霍乱弧菌 第二节 副溶血性弧菌 弧菌属（Vibrio）细菌是一大群菌体短小，弯曲成弧形、一端有单鞭毛的革兰阴性菌，运动极活泼。 分布广泛，多存在于水中。 对人有致病性主要为霍乱弧菌(V. cholerae)和副溶血弧菌(V. parahaemolyticus )。 第一节 霍乱弧菌 霍乱弧菌（V.cholera）是人类霍乱的病原体。 霍乱是一种古老且流行广泛的烈性传染病之一。 曾在世界上引起多次大流行，主要表现为剧烈的呕吐，腹泻，失水，死亡率甚高。 属于国际检疫传染病。 中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法 第一章 总 则 第三条 本法规定的传染病是指检疫传染病和监测传染病。 检疫传染病，是指鼠疫、霍乱、黄热病以及国务院确定和公布的其他传染病。 监测传染病，由国务院卫生行政部门确定和公布。 History and spread of epidemic cholera Cholera has smoldered in an endemic fashion on the Indian subcontinent for centuries. There are references to deaths due to dehydrating diarrhea dating back to Hippocrates and Sanskrit writings. The mode of transmission of cholera by water was proven in 1849 by John Snow, a London physician. In 1883, Robert Koch successfully isolated the cholera vibrio from the intestinal discharges of cholera patients and proved conclusively that it was the agent of the disease. Vibrio cholerae O1 has two biotypes, namely, classical and El Tor. The first long-distance spread of cholera to Europe and the Americas began in 1817, such that by the early 20th century, six waves of cholera had spread across the world in devastating epidemic fashion. Since then, until the 1960s, the disease contracted, remaining present only in southern Asia. In 1961, the El Tor biotype (distinguished from classic biotypes by the production of hemolysins) reemerged and produced a major epidemic in the Philippines to initiate a seventh global pandemic. Since then, this biotype has spread across Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and parts of Europe. There are several characteristics of the El Tor strain that confer upon it a high degree of epidemic virulence allowing it to spread across the world as previous strains have done. First, the ratio of cases to carriers is much less than in cholera due to classic biotypes (1: 30-100 for El Tor vs. 1: 2 - 4 for classic biotype