managingpaininthesurgicalpatient在手术病人的疼痛管理.pptxVIP

Objectives ;Background;Background;Pain Conduction;Pain Perception;Why Pain Control; Impairs rehabilitation and functional outcome May lead to development of chronic pain syndromes and long-term disability. Increases hospital stay and the cost of patient care Decreases patient satisfaction.;Metabolic Stress Response;Cardiovascular ↑ HR, ↑ BP, ↑ SVR, altered regional blood flow, ↑CMO2, ↑ DVT Respiratory: – ↓ VL (atelectasis), ↓ cough (sputum retention) – hypoxemia and infection; Gastrointestinal: – ↓ gastric and bowel motility, nausea, vomiting ? Genitourinary: urinary retention ? Neu