汽车新能源技术 1 概述.pptVIP

电动汽车历史 In the late 1890s electric vehicles (EVs) outsold gasoline cars ten to one. EVs dominated the 　roads and dealer showrooms. Some automobile companies, like Oldsmobile and Studebaker 　actually started out as successful EV companies, only later transitioning to gasoline-powered 　vehicles. In fact, the first car dealerships were exclusively for EVs. 电动汽车历史 Early production of EVs, like all cars, was accomplished by hand assembly. In 1910, volume production of gasoline powered cars was achieved with the motorized assembly line. This breakthrough manufacturing process killed off all but the most well-financed car builders. 　Independents, unable to buy components in volume died off. The infrastructure for electricity was almost non-existent outside of city boundaries – limiting EVs to city-only travel. 电动汽车历史 Another contributing factor to the decline of EVs was the addition of an electric motor (called the　starter) to gasoline powered cars – finally removing the need for the difficult and dangerous crank to start the engine. Due to these factors, by the end of World War I, production of electric cars stopped and EVs became niche vehicles – serving as taxis, trucks, delivery vans,and freight handlers. 电动汽车历史 Those EVs were produced in very low volumes – essentially hand-built like their early 　predecessors. However, as the ZEV mandate was weakened over the years, the automakers 　stopped making EVs – Toyota was the last major auto maker to stop EV production in 2003. 电动汽车历史 In the late 1960s and early 1970s, there was a rebirth of EVs prompted by concerns about 　air pollution and the OPEC oil embargo. In the early 1990s, a few major automakers resumed 　production of EVs – prompted by California’s landmark Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Mandate. 电动汽车历史 几点事实： 1834年， Thomas Davenport发明（不可充电）蓄电池电动车 1859年，Gaston Plante发明可充电铅酸蓄电池电动车 1895年，第一次机动车辆比赛，电动车获胜 1896年第一次销售电动车 电动汽车历史 1900年， 33% 蒸汽车, 33% 电动车, 33% 汽油车 1960年代，第一次石油危机，