微生物学常用技术.pptx

微生物学常用技术;内容提要;？讲在课前……;了解如何进行微生物的操作特别重要？;卡尔·波普尔—著作《猜想与反驳》;卡尔·波普尔—著作《猜想与反驳》;了解如何进行微生物的操作特别重要？;实验;The five I’s;微生物学最基本的理念与最基础的工作;根本原理-生命由“种子产生”;微生物学研究面临的几个问题;微生物学实验最基本的理念;微生物学实验室最基本的理念;可见,微生物实验室最基本的要求是必须做好微生物的控制。让我们认识其中几个基本的概念: Sterile (灭菌), relates to the pletely absence of viable microbe; Aseptic(防腐), relates to prevention of infection; Pure culture (纯培养)refers to growth of a single species of microbes、;工作的基础:无菌技术;微生物实验室;微生物学最基础的工作——CULTURE;;　纯培养 pure culture,axenic culture;　纯培养 pure culture,axenic culture;微生物学实验最基础的工作平板和单菌落分离技术;培养基的种类与分类;Types Of Media培养基;按物理性状分类;液体培养基 Liquid media(液体培养基) tend to flow freely when the container is tilted 一种用于鉴别的液体培养基……A selective medium for identifying this species (肠道菌鉴别)、on the left(o) is a clear, uninoculated broth, the broth in the center is growing without a color change(-), and on the right is a broth with grown and color change(+);(2) 半固体培养基Semisolid Media ;SIM培养基 (sulfur indole motility medium，硫醚吲哚机动培养基):Possible results starting from the far left are: no growth, no motility; motility; motility and produce of hydrogen sulfide gas(硫化氢气体);(3) Solid Media 固体培养基;伟大的发现——琼脂, a plex polysaccharide (多聚糖) isolated from the red alga gelidium、 ;伟大的发现——琼脂, a plex polysaccharide (多聚糖) isolated from the red alga gelidium、 琼脂做固化剂的优点: (1) 适当的凝固点及溶点——solid at room temperature, and it melts(liquefies) at the boiling temperature of water ( 100℃)、 Once liquefied, agar does not resolidfy until it cools to 42 ℃, so it can be inoculated and poured in liquid form at temperature (45 -50℃) that will not harm the microbes or the handler、 (注意:混菌法最佳温度是45±1 ℃); (2) 特别好的可塑造性 ——Agar is flexible and moldable, and it provided a basic framework to hold moisture and nutrients, (3) 非易降解物——it is not a digestible nutrient for most microorganisms、 一般用量:Any medium containing 1% to 5% agar usually has the word agar in its name——某某琼脂……、 ;Animal inoculation: “living media”;按培养基化学成份(Chemical Content of Media );给我一个有效的培养基,让我完成工作(按功能划分培养基);富集培养基 选择培养基 鉴