英语发展史_教学课件 Part 1Early_Modern_English_3.pptVIP

1759 British took Quebec from the French. 1760 French surrendered Montreal to the British. 1762 British captured Martinique, Grenada, Havana and Manila. 1763 France ceded Canada and the Mississippi Valley to Britain. 1765 British Raj in India. 1770 James Cook landed at Botany Bay, Sydney, Australia. Colonial Expansion 1775 American War of Independence (American Revolution 1775-83). 1778 James Cook “discovered” Hawaii. 1786 Penang ceded to Great Britain. 1788 Penal settlement at Botany Bay, Australia, was begun in this year. 1792 English speaking whalers and sealers were left in New Zealand. 1795 British forces occupied Cape of Good Hope. Colonial Expansion Questions? 1. What are the differences between Old English and Early Modern English? 2. What are the characteristics of Johnson’s dictionary? 3. What is “comparative linguistics”? 4. What are the major languages included in the Germanic Branch of the Indo-European language family? 5. What factors have influenced the development and spread of the English language in this period? 6. In what way did inventions and improvement of technology facilitate the development of the English language? What are the characteristics of the English literature of the Augustan Age? Comparative Linguistics English: father fish flow Latin: pater piscis pluo English: six seven serpent Greek: hex heptá hérpein English: rich richer richest German reich reicher reichste Modern historical linguistics dated from the late 18th century and grew out of the earlier discipline of philology, the study of ancient texts and documents, which goes back to antiquity. At first historical linguistics was comparative linguistics and mainly concerned with establishing language families and the reconstruction of prehistoric languages, using the comparative method and internal reconstruction. The focus was on the well-known Indo-European languages, many of which had long written histories. Comparative Linguistics Bu