油包水乳化：形成和预测Water-in-Oil Emulsions Formation and Pr.docxVIP

Water-in-Oil Emulsions: Formation and Prediction 油包水乳化：形成和预测 Abstract 摘要 The formation of water-in-oil emulsions is described. Research has shown that asphaltenes are the prime stabilizers of water-in-oil emulsions and that resins are necessary to solvate the asphaltenes. It has also been shown that other factors play a role, including the amount of saturates and the oil viscosity and density. Essentially, water droplets injected into the oil by turbulence or wave action can be stabilized temporarily by the oil viscosity and on a longer-term basis by resins and then asphaltenes. Depending on the starting oil properties, four types of water-in-oil types are created: meso-stable and stable emulsions, entrained water-in-oil and unstable or those-that-do-not-form types. Each type is described and has unique properties. For most oils, loss of lighter components by evaporation is necessary before the oils will form a water-in-oil type. 描述了油包水乳化的形成。研究说明，沥青质是油包水乳化的主要稳定剂，沥青质溶 剂化需要胶质。也说明其他因素也起作用，包括饱和燃的量以及油的粘度和密度。通过湍 流或波浪作用注入油中的水滴实质上可通过油的粘度暂时稳定，并通过胶质和沥青质长期 稳定。根据起始油的性质，产生四种类型的油包水类型：介-稳定和稳定的乳化、夹带的油 包水和不稳定或没有形成。描述了每种类型，都具有独特的性质。对于大多数油，在形成 油包水型之前，必须通过蒸发损失较轻的成分。 It was noted that variability in emulsion formation is, in part, due to the variation in types of compounds in the asphaltene and resins groups. Certain types of these compounds form more stable emulsions than others within the same asphaltene/resin groupings. 注意到乳液形成的变化局部是由于沥青质和胶质中化合物类型的变化。在相同的沥青 质/胶质组中，这些化合物某些类型的化合物形成比其他化合物更稳定的乳化。 A review of numerical modelling schemes for the formation of water-in-oil emulsions is given. A recent model is based on empirical data and the corresponding physical knowledge of emulsion formation. The density, viscosity, asphaltene and resin contents were correlated with a areas. The experiments showed a high self-interaction and were suggested as being the key factor in determining whether the resins would stabilize asphaltenes against aggregation or not. 在不同基质上进行胶质吸附实验，包括二氧化硅基质和沥青质。发现一些胶质在相