材料导论26_电化学——电解、腐蚀和保护（Electrochemistry——Electrolysis,Corrosion,andITSPrevention）.pptVIP

Corrosion : defined as the deterioration of a material by interaction between the material and its environment. an inherent property of a material corrosion is the result of the materials reaction with its environment. Remove the environment and no corrosion will occur. The root cause of corrosion is the instability of materials, particularly metals, to revert to their natural states . Corrosion and Environment For example: Iron rusts because it has a large driving force to revert to equilibrium. if a particular metal will corrode in the presence of another metal, its potential is measured and tabulated along with that of other metals. Corrosion occurs! Corrosion of metal Loss of material or the formation of a nonmetallic scale. atmospheric air with moisture Environments disturb the electrochemical equilibrium electrochemical reactions occur Metal elements or alloys change from a metallic state into a nonmetallic state which results in the lowering of the energy of the system as the metal converts to a lower energy form. Corrosion may also be described as the conversion of a metallic element from a zero or lower valence state to a positive or higher valence state. Inert or passive ： lose their chemical reactivity。 Cr, Fe, or Ti： results in the formation of a highly adherent but very thin oxide film on the metal surface. Passive 钝化 The rate of corrosion decreases with time Polarization (极化） Caused by: A decrease in ion concentration at the cathode or an increase in metal ion concentration at the anode will decrease the corrosion rate. Anode Cathode 3.3.5 Types of Corrosion Uniform corrosion includes general rusting of ferrous metals which leaves a scale or deposit over an entire exposed surface. 1. Uniform corrosion (均匀腐蚀） 金属表面的全部或大部都发生腐蚀，腐蚀程度大致是均匀的。 一般表面覆盖一层腐蚀产物膜，能使腐蚀减缓，例高温氧化。 2. Pitting corrosion （孔蚀） Pitting corrosion results from localized surface defects. More devastating破坏性的than uniform corrosion because of the localization of the att