昆虫形态学课件-翅的构造和类型.pptVIP

Lepidoptera 鳞翅目：front and hind wings are covered with flattened setae or scales, called lepidotic wings 鳞翅 Trichoptera 毛翅目： the long, silky hairs that cover most of the body and wings (piliferous wings 毛翅 ) butterflies caddisfly lepidotic wing 鳞翅 翅面的鳞片 3.3.1.3 Functions of modified wings Flight The two-winged condition is aerodynamically more efficient than the four-winged condition Protection 保护 Sound making 发声 In some insects, wings are used to make sounds, e.g. in crickets, katydids, grasshoppers. Luring 引诱 Air conditioning 空调 In many Lepidoptera, for example, the wing margins are irregular and the wings appropriately colored so that when the insect is at rest it is camouflaged What is it mimicing? 3.3.2 Veins 翅脉 3.3.2.1 Veins 翅脉 convex vein 凸脉: described by plus (+) signs concave vein 凹脉: described by minus (–) signs longitudinal vein 纵脉 ：简写时用大写字母表示 cross vein 横脉 ：用小写字母表示 3.3.2 Veins 翅脉 3.3.2.2 Venation 脉序（相） consistent within groups (especially in families and orders) often differ between groups provide major features used in insect classification and identification Considered that extremely varied arrangement of veins found among the different insect orders is derived from a primitive common pattern, the archetype venation（原始脉序） hypothetical primitive pattern of wing venation 假想原始脉序 Comstock-Needham System 康尼脉序 7条主纵脉 前缘脉Costa (C) + 亚前缘脉Subcosta (Sc) -- 径脉Radius (R) 中脉Media (M) 肘脉Cubitus (Cu) 臀脉Anal vein (A) 轭脉Jugal veins (1J, 2J) 假想脉序 模式图 横脉名称 简写 连接的纵脉 肩横脉 humeral crossvein h C 和 Sc 径横脉 radial crossvein r R1 和 R2 分横脉 sectorial crossvein s R3和R4 或 R2+3和R4+5 径中横脉 radiomedial crossvein r-m R4+5 和 M1+2 中横脉 medial crossvein m M2 和 M3 中肘横脉 mediocubital crossvein m-cu M3+4 和 Cu1 六 条 横 脉 3.3.2.3 Modifications of venation patterns 翅脉的变化 1) Increasing 增多 accessory veins 副脉 原有的纵脉出现的分支 标记时在原有纵脉之后加上小写字母a, b, c等，如R1a, R1b intercalary veins 闰脉（加插脉） 两条相临纵脉之间加插的脉，游离，或仅以短横脉与毗邻纵脉相接;标记时在其前一纵脉简写前加一大写的“I”，如IM1 翅脉的增多 2) Reducing 减少 Fuse 合并 ：两条合成1条，以“+”连接原来的纵脉名称表