普通昆虫学课件-生活史、变态与滞育、习性与行为.pptVIP

6.1.2 mimicry, mimesis, masquerade 拟态 Mimicry: The resemblance of a mimic to a model, by which the mimic derives protection from predation provided to the model.指某些动物在形状、色泽、斑纹等外表特性上与其它生物或非生物相似的现象 Examples Leaf-mimicking butterfly The Giant Swallowtail caterpillar resembles something more like a bird dropping. Giant Swallowtail caterpillar A plume moth A leaf-mimicking katydid, Mimetica mortuifolia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), in which the fore wing resembles a leaf even to the extent of leaf-like venation and spots resembling fungal mottling How insects dealing with coldness? Holometabolous insects are abundant in refugial sites within 3°of the North Pole Although fewer, notably a chironomid midge 摇蚊 and some penguin and seal lice, are found on the Antarctica Freezing, high elevations, including glaciers, sustain resident insects, such as the Himalayan Diamesa midge (摇蚊), which sets a record for cold activity, being active at an air temperature of ?16°C Cryoprotection 低温保护机制 Avoid freezing by supercooling - remaining liquid at subzero temperature without ice formation Protection is provided by seasonal production of icenucleanting agents (INA) 季节性冰核物质, glycerol 甘油, sugars 糖类, and antifreeze proteins, allow supercooling and protect tissues and cells of insect A notable example of insects that survive extreme cold (lower than supercooling point), the beech weevil, Rhynchaenus fagi, in Britain, survive extreme cold by relying on snow. How insects dealing with heat? Some species of ephydrids and chironomid larvae 水虻和摇蚊幼虫 tolerate nearly 50°C in Iceland, New Zealand, and perhaps other sites where volcanism provides hot-water springs The other aquatic temperature-tolerant taxa are found principally amongst the Odonata and Coleoptera Options of dealing with high air temperatures include behaviors such as use of a burrow during the hottest times hold the body in cooler air above the substrate by long legs run as fast as possible It’s too hot! Let me bury myself