普通昆虫学课件-鞘翅目分类.pptVIP

Review Diagnosis of Coleoptera Biology Characters of Coleoptera Classification: four suborders: Polyphaga Archostemata Myxophaga Adephaga 1、Diagnosis Forewings hardened into elytra; hind wings membranous, folded under elytra; Mandibulate mouthparts； Genitalia retracted into abdomen 2、Taxonomic characters The principal characters of beetles used in identification are those of the head, antennae, thoracic sclerites, legs, elytra, and abdomen. head 头、antenna 触角 sclerite 胸部骨片 egg 足 wing 翅 abdomen 腹部。 (1) Head In the Curculionoidea the head is more or less prolonged forward into a snout; the mouthparts are reduced in size and are located at the tip of the snout, and the antennae arise on the sides of it The families in the Curculionoidea are sometimes placed in a separate suborder, the Rhynchophora. A gula present on the undersurface of the head. (2) Antennae The antennae of beetles are subject to considerable variation in different groups: Filiform, moniliform, serrate, pectinate, capitate, clavate, lamellate. (3) Thorax The pronotum and scutellum are normally the only thoracic areas visible from above. A few beetles have notopleural sutures, which separate the pronotum from the propleura The prosternum often has a process or lobe extending backward between the front coxae; sometimes this process is spinelike. When the sclerites of the prothorax extend around the front coxae, these coxal cavities are said to be “closed”; When the sclerite immediately behind the front coxae is a sclerite of the mesothorax, these cavities are said to be “open” (4) Legs The number and relative size and shape of the tarsal segments are very important characters for the identification. The number of tarsal segments in most beetles varies from three to five. It is usually the same on all tarsi. If the tarsi of a beetle appear to be four-segmented and the third segment is relatively large and more or less U-shaped, they are generally five-segmented, with the fourth segment very small. If