普通昆虫学课件-缨翅目昆虫分类.pptVIP

Chapter 4. 缨翅目Thysanoptera Thysanos-, fringe; -ptera, wings; refers to the slender wings that bear a dense fringe of long hairs. 蓟马thrips 常见于蓟花 一、 Diagnosis鉴别特征 Body small, elongate； Mouthparts rasping-sucking type锉吸式, asymmetrical with right mandible lost； Wings linear with setal fringe; Many species are secondarily wingless. 1. Antenna 6-9-segmented，with sensors on segments III and IV; 2. Wings slender, with long fringes，with or without veins. 二、Taxonomic Characters 三、Biology生物学特性 1. Hyperpaurometamorphosis过渐变态 The final immature stage is quiescent, non-feeding, and even enclosed in a silken cocoon, usually called a pupa. 2. Reproduction: Primarily by bisexual reproduction. Females are common. In many species males are rare or even unknown. Thelyotoky parthenogenesis: virgin females producing only female offspring. Females are diploid and males haploid. 3. Economic importance A few species are serious pests of crops, especially grain crops, fruits and vegetables, and ornamentals. A few are vectors of bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases. Predatory thrips are beneficial species that may control mites and other small insects. 蓟马常见于花上，取食花粉粒和发育中的果实，在大蓟、小蓟等菊科植物花上特别多，故名蓟马。 一部分种类直接取食叶片，使叶片扭曲变形，形成虫瘿。 烟蓟马Thrips tabaci Lindeman为害葱、棉、烟草，使叶片成银灰色斑点。 传毒：已知2种植物病毒由蓟马传播。 Thrips tabaci Lindeman和Frankliniella传播斑枯萎病毒，引起蕃茄、烟草、菠萝、莴苣和马铃薯枯萎。 胖黑蓟马Melanothrips obesa Franklin传播菌核病菌。 在生防上，可引入新区防治杂草，如斐济用蓟马Liothrips urichi 控制杂草Clidemia hirta 获得巨大成功。 约有一半蓟马取食真菌，主要取食菌丝。 少数捕食性，捕食螨和小介壳虫，带翅虱管蓟马Aleurodothrips fasciapennis (Franklin)捕食柑橘红圆蚧Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) 。 四、Systtematics Based on the shape of the last abdominal segment, Thysanoptera can be divided into two suborders： 管尾亚目Tubulifera 锯尾亚目Terebrantia 5500 known species in the world. （一）Tubulifera管尾亚目 Front wings lacking veins or with only a simple and shortened media. Females lacking ovipositor；end of abdomen tubular. Only 1 family. 1. 管蓟马科Phlaeothripidae Antennae 4- to 8-segmented，with sensory cones. Most spe