普通昆虫学课件-鞘翅目昆虫分类.pptVIP

9．皮蠹科Dermestidae Small, oval or elongate-oval, convex with short clubbed antennae，usually hairy or covered with scales； A median ocellus present； Abdomen with only sternites. Mostly scavengers, feeding on plant and animal products, including leather, furs, skins, specimens, woollen or silk materials, rugs, stored food materials, and carrion. 皮蠹skin beetles 皮蠹幼虫 全世界约1000种。 谷斑皮蠹Trogoderma granarium (Everts), native to India, 国际检疫害虫。 10．瓢虫科Coccinellidae Semi-spherical, strongly convex dorsally and flat ventrally. Tarsi appearing 3-3-3, but actually 4-4-4. Head often concealed by pronotum. Antennae short with a 3- to 6-segmented club. 色彩鲜艳，常有斑点。 瓢虫ladybird beetle， most are predaceous, as both larvae and adults, feed chiefly on aphids 捕食性幼虫体软，色暗，有黄、白斑点，3个侧单眼，上颚镰刀形，足细长，背面各节有瘤突和刺，腹末较尖，但无尾突。 植食性幼虫体壁上有长而分叉的刺突。 捕食性的上颚基部有齿，端部叉状； 而植食性的基部无齿，末端及内侧有多个小齿； 菌食的上颚末端分裂成5-8个小齿。 11．拟步甲科Tenebrionidae Antennae filiform or moniliform； Five visible abdominal segments； Front coxal cavity closed behind； Tarsal formula 5-5-4，claws simple. 成虫取食植物种子、根、菌类等。在荒漠、砂丘、干燥地区常成群出现危害作物。 拟步甲darking beetle, 全世界25000多种，我国2000种。 幼虫细长，略呈圆筒形，形似金针虫—伪金针虫。 赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum 杂拟谷盗T. confusum 黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor Linn.、 黑粉虫T. obscurus Fabr.等是重要仓库害虫。 12．芫菁科Meloidae Pronotum narrower than head and base of elytra. Elytra are soft and flexible with apex separate； Front coxal cavity open； Tarsal formula 5-5-4，tarsal claws cleft to base or toothed. 芫菁Blister beetle 复变态hypermetamorphosis，一龄幼虫活泼，蛃型，称为三爪蚴triungulin。它寻找蝗虫卵或蜂巢，因此被认为是益虫。找到寄主后，蜕皮成为软体、短足的伪蠋式幼虫；第3－5龄胸足退化，成为scarabaeiform；6龄体壁坚韧，足失去功能，进入不动期，称为coarctate larvae 坚皮幼虫or pseudopupa拟蛹。 成虫危害豆科、藜科等植物，幼虫捕食蝗卵或寄生于蜂巢，食蜂卵、蜂蜜、花粉等。 芫菁是药用昆虫，含斑蝥素cantharadin，可治疗癌症。但对皮肤有强烈刺激作用，能引起水肿blister。牧草中的芫菁对牲畜有害。Cantharidin irritates the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts of animals and may lead to death in horses, cattle and sheep. Symptoms include blisters on the tongue and in the mouth, diarrhea, blood or intestinal lining discharge in stools, and problems with urination or