中文信息处理的资源建设.ppt

中文信息处理的资源建设;提纲;1. 语言资源的重要性及其类型;语言资源的类型 对言语的记录 对语言的描述 系统是否可直接调用？ 基础型还是应用型？ 服务于理解还是生成？ 是否以语义描述为中心？;2. 语言资源建设是系统工程;工程性 目标明确可行 规模达至应用 注重实际效用 “鸡蛋”应收入词表，而“鸭蛋”未必。 ;3. 关于语料库建设;4. 知识库建设的基本问题;NLU需要哪些知识？ 句法、语义、语用、常识、专业 …… ？ 周杰伦在大陆的演出活动 周杰伦将在大陆举办个人演唱会 周杰伦个人???唱会将在北京首都体育馆举行 巡回演出第一站，周杰伦在广州火爆亮相 周杰伦前往西安参加义演活动 北京举办扶贫义演，刘德华、周杰伦等港台明星出席;各类知识分别起什么作用？ 重要性的差别 主次之分：谁是统帅？ 各类知识之间的关系：分立还是协同？ 句法 = 语义 = 语用 ？ Colorless green ideas sleep furiously. (Chomsky) 所有的石头都死了。（邢公畹） 一树红桃个个青，满天下雨半天星， 三个和尚四面坐，不言不语唱真经。;知识怎样表示？ 针对电脑的需要 如何构建知识库系统？ 知识从哪里来？ 语言材料和语言能力 怎样有效地利用知识？;5. 国内外知识库建设项目简介;Cyc will enable a variety of knowledge-intensive products and services. For example, Cyc can find the match between a users query for pictures of strong, adventurous people and an image whose caption reads simply a man climbing a cliff. Cyc can notice if an annual salary and an hourly salary are inadvertently being added together in a spreadsheet. When someone searches for Bolivia on the Web, Cyc knows not to offer a follow-up question like Where can I get free Bolivia online? Cyc-like common sense is a prerequisite for human-level NLU. Fred saw the plane flying over Zurich. Fred saw the mountains flying over Zurich. Its difficult to see how to resolve this syntactic ambiguity and reject nonsensical interpretations without relying on a large database of common sense. ;Cyc Knowledge Base consists of terms and assertions which relate those terms CycL, the Cyc representation language, is a large and extraordinarily flexible knowledge representation language. It is essentially an augmentation of first-order predicate calculus (FOPC). Example (#$implies (#$isa ?A #$Animal) (#$thereExists ?M (#$mother ?A ?M))) Size At the present time, the Cyc KB contains nearly two hundred thousand terms and several dozen hand-entered assertions about/involving each term. ;WordNet A lexical database for the English language English nouns, verbs, and adjectives are organized into synonym sets, each representing one underlying l