交换机基本操作.ppt

Slide 1 of 2 Purpose: Emphasize: What will happen if Switch X fails? Slide 2 of 2 Purpose: Emphasize: What will happen if Switch X fails? Switch Y will detect the missing BPDU from Switch X in 20 seconds (max age timer) then recalculate STP. After the network converged, Switch Y will be the root bridge, and all its port will transit to the forwarding states (DP) 30 seconds after the max age timer expires. Slide 1 of 1 Purpose: Emphasize: Note: In large networks the effect of re-convergence may cause long periods of instability. During the election of a new root, all ports are blocked, all learned MAC addresses are aged out so that when forwarding again starts, there is a lot of flooding of unicast traffic until the MAC address tables are re-populated. Also if a preferred root and a backup root is not configured by lowering their default priority, then the final topology of the spanning tree may be very inefficient. Slide 1 of 1 Purpose: Emphasize: A layer 2 switch operates just like a bridge by default. Switches use VLANs to solve many of the issues of a large layer 2 environment. Slide 1 of 3 Purpose: Emphasize: Slide 2 of 3 Purpose: Emphasize: In the cut-through mode, the switch checks the destination address (DA) as soon as the header is received and immediately begins forwarding the frame. There is a significant decrease in latency from input port to output port. The delay in cut-through switching remains constant regardless of frame size, because this switching mode starts to forward the frame as soon as the switch reads the destination addresses. In some switches just the destination addresses are read. Some other switches continue to read the CRC and keep a count of errors. If the error rate is too high, the switch can be set to use store-and-forward, either manually or automatically. Other Catalyst switches support combined cut-through and store-and-forward modes. Slide 3 of 3 Purpose: Emphasize: Note: 64 bytes is the minimum ethern