上海交通大学《大学物理》课件-第16章 电磁感应.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * induced electric field vortex electric field A changing magnetic field produces an electric field 麦克斯韦 J.C.Maxwell 涡旋电场 感应电场 1861年 electrostatic field vortex electric field electrostatic fields are produced by static charges vortex electric fields are produced by changing magnetic field either field will exert a force ? on a charge q 涡旋电场 静电场 与 发散状 涡旋状 涡旋电场的场强 vortex electric field left-hand rule 左旋 涡旋电场 麦克斯韦电磁场理论的基本假设之一 电子感应加速器 betatron Electrons travel in a circular orbit between the poles of a large electromagnet. Magnetic field varies in a sine wave. Only the first quarter ( ) is considered. F F v v the first quarter period: the second quarter period: the third quarter Period: the fourth quarter Period: Induction eddy current (感生涡电流) 　 减小涡电流的方法： 使用叠合起来的彼此绝缘的铁片 铁片的绝缘层与涡流垂直 高电阻率的材料 (硅钢、铁氧体) skin effect Effective section 趋肤效应 　 改善方法： 2. 分束 1. 表面镀银 有效截面 高频感应加热淬火 高频感应电炉 在坩埚的外缘绕有线圈 大功率交变电源 高频交变电流 §.4 自感和互感 Self-Inductance and Mutual Inductance self-induced emf Self-Inductance 自感电动势 自感系数 自感 亨利 J. Henry 1829 如果 L 保持不变 L 由回路的形状、大小及周围磁介质决定 If we establish a current I in a coil of N turns, the current produces a magnetic flux through the coil. magnetic flux linkage If the coil is tightly wound (closely packed), so that the same magnetic flux passes through all the turns. 磁链 Mutual Inductance 互感电动势 互感 Mutual inductance 互感系数 互感 如果 M 保持不变 A magnetic flux (the flux through coil 2 associated with the current in coil 1) links the N2 turns of coil 2. 线圈 two circular loops, the smaller (radius r1) being concentric with the larger (radius r2) and in the same plane. , k is a positive constant. Find the emf induced in the larger loop due to the change of magnetic field. 1. (1) the loop is moving to the right with speed v at position x0 (2) the loop is rest at x0 ， (3) the loop is moving to the right with speed v at position x0， I a b (1) clo