上海交通大学《大学物理》课件-第16章电磁感应.pptVIP

Motional emf Created by a conductor moving in a magnetic field “Loop” is imaginary but real emf is induced in conductor §.2 动生电动势 Motional emf a b q 0 a b A magnetic field of magnitude B 对于导体回路 L 由金属导体制成的直角三角形框架，BC 边 的长度为 a，BC 边与斜边之间的夹角为 。放在磁感应强度为 的均匀磁场中。此框架以 AB 边为轴以匀角速度 转动，在图示位置时整个框架里产生的感应电动势 ? In , the area swept by In constant magnetic field，the motional emf 证明在稳恒磁场中上式是一个普遍规律 1. Constant current c a b d , the loop of radius R， (1) The distribution of emf (2) of a and c (3) emf between b and d 方向：水平向左 2. Uniform magnetic field moves with speed Forces and Energy in Motional emf 均匀磁场 The magnetic forces on the conductor act to slow down the conductor R Force tends to slow the conductor down (drag force) 时间常数 杆以初速度 向右运动 消耗的焦耳热 杆的初始动能 全部转化为回路中感应电流释放的焦耳热 初始动能 洛伦兹力做功？ 外力克服洛伦兹力的一个分力 所做的功率通过另一个分力 做正功全部转化为感应电动势提供的功率 杆以速度 向右运动时 带电粒子所受总的洛仑兹力 R Eddy Currents 涡电流 Eddy currents: produced in conductor moving in magnetic field Can make a very effective brake If you don’t want a brake, eddy currents can be foiled by cutting holes (slots) in conductor 电磁阻尼 Eddy Currents To inhibit the development of eddy currents in the moving metal plate, slots can be cut in the plate Motional emf Induced emf §.3 感生电动势 涡旋电场 动生电动势 感生电动势 非静电力 induced electric field vortex electric field A changing magnetic field produces an electric field 麦克斯韦 J.C.Maxwell 涡旋电场 感应电场 1861年 electrostatic field vortex electric field electrostatic fields are produced by static charges vortex electric fields are produced by changing magnetic field either field will exert a force ? on a charge q 涡旋电场 静电场 与 发散状 涡旋状 涡旋电场的场强 vortex electric field left-hand rule 左旋 涡旋电场 麦克斯韦电磁场理论的基本假设之一 电子感应加速器 betatron Electrons travel in a circular orbit between the poles of a large electromagnet. Magnetic field varies in a sine wave. Only the first quarter ( ) is considered. F F v v the first quarter period: the second quarter period: the third