北京地区茄果类蔬菜育苗基质的筛选.pdfVIP

摘要 为了提高茄果蔬菜育苗的质量和效益，本论文选取了北京地区周边常用的六种商 品基质（河北大厂草炭、寿光鲁兴草炭、石家庄金农草炭、北京农科院菇渣、德国 Klasman 草炭和荷兰Tref 草炭），测定各个基质的理化性质，分析各基质对三种茄果 类蔬菜（番茄、辣椒、茄子）幼苗生长、生理生化特性和矿质元素吸收的影响，并根 据各基质对茄果类蔬菜幼苗质量的影响，筛选出适合茄果蔬菜育苗的基质。主要研究 结果如下： 1. 六种基质的理化性质差异较大。三种国产草炭基质容重、EC 值较高；进口草 炭孔隙度较大、EC 值较低；菇渣EC 值、pH 值最高。 2. 六种基质显著影响番茄、辣椒和茄子幼苗生长和质量。河北大厂草炭、石家 庄金农草炭和北京农科院菇渣培育幼苗的株高、茎粗、生物量等生长指标显著优于其 它基质。 3. 六种基质能显著影响番茄、辣椒和茄子幼苗生理生化特性。其中河北大厂草 炭、石家庄金农草炭和北京农科院菇渣培育番茄、辣椒、茄子幼苗的叶绿素含量、根 活力、酶活性优于其它基质。 4. 番茄、辣椒和茄子幼苗对矿质元素吸收结果表明：不同育苗基质培育的三种 幼苗对矿质元素N 、P 、K 、Ca、Fe 、Na 、Mn 、Zn 、Cu 的吸收显著不同。其中，河 北大厂草炭和北京农科院菇渣培育的幼苗对矿质元素的吸收较多。 综上，适于北京市番茄、辣椒、茄子育苗的基质为河北大厂草炭、石家庄金农草 炭和北京农科院菇渣。 关键词：基质，育苗，番茄，辣椒，茄子 I Abstract In order to improve the quality and benefit of solanaceous vegetables seedlings, six commercial substrates commonly used in Beijing area (Hebei Dachang peat, Shouguang Luxing peat, Shijiazhuang Jinnong peat, Beijing Academy of Agricultural Sciences mushroom residue, German Klasman peat and Dutch Tref peat) were selected for the research. The physical and chemical properties of all substrates were analyzed and then the growth of three solanaceous vegetables seedlings (tomato, pepper, eggplant) under different substrate conditions, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and absorption of mineral elements in the seedlings were tested. By comparing the effects of the above substrates on the quality of solanaceous vegetables seedlings, the commercial substrate suitable for the growth of solanaceous vegetables seedlings was finally selected. The main results are as follows: 1. The physical and chemical properties of the six substrates are quite different. The three domestic peat