市场经济管理学及财务知识分析.pptVIP

28 13 33 19 34 19 31 18 44 21 36 20 36 20 53 45 20 45 20 56 24 57 24 57 24 4 4 59 26 59 26 61 28 土地和资本市场的均衡 每种要素的租赁价格 一定等于那种要素的边际产量值。 每种要素各自赚到了它们对生产过程的边际贡献的价值。 第六十三页，共七十六页。 Linkages Among the Factors of Production Factors of production are used together. The marginal product of any one factor depends on the quantities of all factors that are available. 第六十四页，共七十六页。 生产要素之间的联系 在大多数情况下，生产要素组合在一起使用。 任何一种要素的边际产量依赖于其它要素的可获得量。 第六十五页，共七十六页。 Linkages Among the Factors of Production生产要素之间的联系 A change in the supply of one factor alters the earnings of all the factors. 任何一种生产要素的变化都会改变所有要素的收入。 第六十六页，共七十六页。 Linkages Among the Factors of Production生产要素之间的联系 A change in earnings of any factor can be found by analyzing the impact of the event on the value of the marginal product of that factor. 通过分析某个事件对那种要素边际产量值的影响来找出任何一种要素收入的变化。 第六十七页，共七十六页。 Summary The economy’s income is distributed in the markets for the factors of production. The three most important factors of production are labor, land, and capital. The demand for a factor, such as labor, is a derived demand that comes from firms that use the factors to produce goods and services. 第六十八页，共七十六页。 小结 经济的收入是在生产要素市场上分配的。 三个最重要的生产要素是劳动、土地和资本。 要素需求（例如劳动）是一种派生需求，它产生于用这些要素生产物品与劳务的企业。 第六十九页，共七十六页。 Summary Competitive, profit-maximizing firms hire each factor up to the point at which the value of the marginal product of the factor equals its price. The supply of labor arises from individuals’ tradeoff between work and leisure. An upward-sloping labor supply curve means that people respond to an increase in the wage by enjoying less leisure and working more hours. 第七十页，共七十六页。 小结 竞争的、追求利润最大化的企业使用每一种要素的量要达到该要素的边际产量值等于其价格这一点上。 劳动的供给产生于个人在工作和闲暇之间的权衡取舍。 向右上方倾斜的劳动供给曲线意味着人们对工资上升的反应是享受较少的闲暇和更长时间的工作。 第七十一页，共七十六页。 Summary The price paid to each factor adjusts to balance the supply and demand for that factor. Because factor demand reflects the value of the marginal product of that factor, in equilibrium each factor is compensated according to