阿克苏诺贝尔多元文化环境与公司文化.pptVIP

What is Culture?A system of values and norms sharedamong a group ofpeople and, whentaken together,constitute a designfor living.第一页，共五十二页。 What is Culture? Culture can be defined as a system of orientation in an organization consisting of basic, unconscious attitudes, of values, and of the corresponding artifact. Such values +ve or -ve may be reinforced implicitly or explicitly over a period of time. It influence the behavior, communication, acting and judgements of the fellow colleagues.第二页，共五十二页。 Norms and ValuesNorms:Social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations.Folkways:Routine conventions of everyday life.Mores:Central to functioning of society and its social life.Values:Abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable.The bedrock of culture.Have emotional significance.Freedom.第三页，共五十二页。 Determinants of CultureCulture:Norms andValue SystemsEducationEconomic PhilosophyPoliticalPhilosophyReligionLanguageSocialStructure第四页，共五十二页。 HofstedeStudy (IBM) is a general way to look at differences between cultures.4 dimensions:Power distance.Individualism versus collectivism.Uncertainty avoidance.Masculinity versus femininity.But:Assumption of one-to-one relationship between culture and nation-state.Research may be culturally bound.Respondents worked within a single company.Work is beginning to look dated (1967-1973).第五页，共五十二页。 Work Related Values for Selected Countries第六页，共五十二页。 Culture and EthicsDo the “right” thing.Thomas Donaldson’s Three Principles:Respect for core human values (human rights), which determine the absolute moral threshold for all business activities.Respect for local tradition.The belief that context matters when deciding what is right and what is wrong.第七页，共五十二页。 The Organization and CultureOrganizational Culture Values, beliefs, behaviors, customs, and attitudes that help the members of the organization understand what it stands for, how it does things, and what it considers