《无机化学》课件-86_Chapter-9AtomicStructure-lecture1.ppt

Chapter 9Atomic StructureLecture 1 9.1. Atomic Structure of Hydrogen9.2. Structure of many-electron atoms9.3. Periodicity of elementsMain Pionts: About 100 elementsOr only 100 kinds of atomsMaterials with great variation in their properties, includingdifferent colors, textures, hardness, solubility, and durability26 letters of the alphabetImmense number of words in English Why ? 9.1 Atomic Structure of Hydrogen? Planck’s constant ? Photoelectric effect? Bohr model? De Broglie equation 9.1.1. Theory of photon（1900年） — Max PlankMax Plank(1858-1947)A German physicist1918 Nobel Prize in physicsIn 1900, assumed that energy can be released (or absorbed) by atomsonly in “chunks(大块)” of some minimum size. Plank gave the name quantum (meaning “fixed amount”) to the smallest quantity of energy that can be emitted or absorbed as electro-magnetic radiation.In order to explain therelationship between the temperature and the intensity and wavelengths of the radiation emitted from a heated solid Plank proposed that the energy, E, of a single Quantum equals a constant times its frequency E = h?The constant h, known as plank’s constant, has a value of 6.63 × 10-34 joule-second(J-s).According to plank’s theory, energy is always emitted or absorbed in whole-number multipiles of h? , for example, h?,2h?,3h? and so forth. We say that the allowed energies are quantized by 1, 2, 3 ······.?：[nju:] 9.1.2. Photoelectric Effect （1905年） — Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein（1879-1955） A jewish scientist from USA 1921 Nobel Prize in physics Photoelectric Effect? An observed phenomenon, early 1900s? When light was shone on a metal, electrons were emitted from that metal? Light was known to be a form of energy, capable of knocking loose an electron from a metal? Therefore, light of any frequency could supply enough energy to eject an electron. 9.1.3. Atomic Model（1913年） —