《无机化学》课件-89_Chapter-9AtomicStructure-lecture2.pptVIP

Inorganic Chemistry Chapter 9 Atomic Structure * * * Chapter 9 Atomic Structure Lecture 2 9.1.4. Dual nature of particle — De Broglie （1924年） De Broglie(1892-1987) A French Scientist 1929 Nobel Prize Depending on the experimental circumstances, radiation appears to have either a wavelike or a particle-like(photon) character. De Broglie, who working on his Ph.D. thesis in physics at the Sorbonnein Paris, boldly extending this idea to particles. ? If radiant energy could, under appropriate conditions, behave as though it were a stream of particles, could matter,under appropriate conditions, possibly show the properties of a wave? ? De Broglie supposed that the electron orbiting the nucleus of a hydrogen atom could be thought of a wave, with a characteristic wavelength. He suggested that the electron in movement about the nucleus has associated with it a particular wave- length. De Broglie went on to propose that the characteristic wavelength of the electron or of any other particle depends on its mass, m, and velocity, v. h: Plank’s constant mv: momentum of any object ☆ De Broglie used the term matter waves (物质波) to describe the wave characteristic of material wave. 波动特征 粒子特征 联系纽带 Because De Broglie’s hypothesis is applicable to all matter, any object of mass m and velocity V would give rise to a characteristic matter wave. However, the equation above indicates that the wavelength associated with an object of ordinary size, such as a golf ball, is so tiny as to be completely out of the range of any possible observation. This is not so for an electron because its mass is so small. ? There was no experiment evidence for De Broglie’s hypothesis at that time. The publication of his Ph.D. thesis was supported by Einstein since most of the scientists then opposed his hypothesis. How do we know this is true? ? Three years after De Broglie published his theory, the wave properties of the electron were demonstrat