《无机化学》课件-83_Chapter-8Electrochemistry-lecture7.pptVIP

Inorganic Chemistry Chapter 8 Electrochemistry * * * * * * * * * Chapter 8 Electrochemistry Lecture 7 8.5 The electrolysis and  protection of metals 8.5.1 Electrolysis ? Electrolysis is the use of a voltage to drive a nonspontaneous reaction. ? Reactions that are driven by an externally supplied voltage are called electrolysis reactions ? electrochemical cells designed for the purpose of carrying out electrolysis reactions are called electrolytic cells. The tin-copper reaction as the basis of a voltaic and an electrolytic cell. Oxidation half-reaction Sn(s) Sn2+(aq) + 2e- Reduction half-reaction Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s) Oxidation half-reaction Cu(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Reduction half-reaction Sn2+(aq) + 2e- Sn(s) Overall (cell) reaction Sn2+(s) + Cu(aq) Sn(aq) + Cu2+(s) Overall (cell) reaction Sn(s) + Cu2+(aq) Sn2+(aq) + Cu(s) voltaic cell electrolytic cell The electrolysis of water Oxidation half-reaction 2H2O(l) 4H+(aq) + O2(g) + 4e- Reduction half-reaction 2H2O(l) + 4e- 2H2(g) + 2OH-(aq) Overall (cell) reaction 2H2O(l) H2(g) + O2(g) Comparison of Voltaic and Electrolytic Cells Cell Type DG Ecell Electrode Name Process Sign Voltaic Voltaic Electrolytic Electrolytic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Anode Anode Cathode Cathode Oxidation Oxidation Reduction Reduction - - + + Sodium metal is produced commercially by electrolysis of molten sodium chloride. Electrodes are immersed in molten sodium chloride, and a voltage source drives electrons from the anode to the cathode. Sodium is reduced at the cathode to molten sodium metal. Chloride ions are oxidized to chlorine gas at the anode. 8.5.2 Corrosion and  protection of metals Enhanced corrosion at sea. The effect of metal-metal contact on the corrosion of iron. faster corrosion cathodic protection sacrificial anodes to prevent iron corrosion. The use of sacrificial anodes to prevent iron corrosion. Cathodic protection of