《无机化学》课件-98_Chapter-9AtomicStructure-lecture6.pptVIP

Chapter 9Atomic StructureLecture 6 ? atomic radius? ionic radius? ionization energy? electron affinity ? electronegativity ? metallic behavior ? magnetism9.4.2 periodicity of elements Trends in Some Periodic Properties? The physical and chemical behavior of the elements is based on the electron configurations of their atoms.? e- configurations can be used to explain many of the repeating or “periodic” properties of the elements ? Atoms are not hard shells, Radii are often measured by assuming atoms touch each other when bonded and then considering bond distances. ? Because covalently bonded atoms overlap orbitals, and other bonding types do not. Measured radii are specified to be metallic, or covalent.? Atomic radii of a particular element can vary somewhat from substance to substance.ex I2 has a bond length of 2.66? so each I atom has a radius of 1.33?? Bond lengths can conversely be estimated by adding atomic radii.4.2.1 atomic radius Defining metallic and covalent radii ? Size in main group elements follow 2 general rules 1. AR increases going down in a group 2. AR decreases going left to right in a periodWhy?Moving down in a group: Zeff is constant because Z and S increase equally Electrons in a higher n and therefore larger Moving across: Z increases and S does not (electrons in same shell dont shield each other well) so e- attracted more strongly and are closer/smaller ? In transition metals there is an initial decrease in size but then remains relatively constant Atomic radii of the main-group and transition elements. Relative atomic sizes for selected atoms ? same trends as for atomic radius? positive ions(cation) smaller than the parent atom? negative ions(anion) larger than the parent atomIsoelectronic Series? series of negative ions, noble gas atom, and positive ions with the same electron