《无机化学》课件-110_Chapter-11SolidStructure-lecture1.pptVIP

Chapter 11Solid StructureLecture 1 11.1. Types and Properties of Crystalline Solids11.2. Metallic Solids11.3. Ionic Solids11.4 Intermolecular Forces  and Molecular Solids 11.5 Atomic SolidsMain Pionts: The striking beauty of crystalline solidsCelestite　天青石SrSO4Pyrite黄铁矿FeS2Amethyst紫水晶SiO2(含Mn)Halite岩盐NaCl11.1. Basic concepts of  Crystalline Solids DiamondZrO2Zirconium(锆), ZrNaCl 1. Features of Crystal Structure11.1.1 Features of Crystal and structure Theory? Solids may be amorphous or crystalline. ? Amorphous solids, such as glass and plastic, do not have any long-range order and are somewhat heterogeneous in terms of their intermolecular forces. for amorphous solids: 1. crystalline solids are highly ordered. 2. crystalline solids are anisotropism, many physical properties, such as optics, conductivity, coefficient of hot dilatability(膨胀性), of crystalline solids in their different directions are different. While amorphous solids is not so.3. crystalline solids have a fixed melting point. While amorphous solids does not melt at a fixed melting point, but a range of temperature. For crystalline solids: Boiling points of crystal and noncrystaltimetimetemperaturetemperaturecrystalnoncrystalABCD portion of a 3-D lattice2. Basic Concepts of Theory for Crystalline Solidslattice pointunit cellportion of a 2-D latticeunit cell A crystalline solid exists as a highly ordered  network of a repeating unit called a unit cell (晶 胞). ? The unit cell is the smallest portion of the solid that  adequately conveys its structure and symmetry. A crystal lattice (晶格，晶体点阵) is a three- dimensional array of points called lattice points,  each of which is identical. We can picture a crystalline solid as a collection of unit cells, each positioned at a lattice point (阵点). Figure left shows a crystal latti