《无机化学》课件-113_Chapter-11SolidStructure-lecture2.pptVIP

Chapter 11Solid StructureLecture 2 11.3.1 Theory of Ionic bond11.3. Theory of Ionic Bond  and Ionic Solids1. Formation of ionic bondIonic bond: — a type of chemical bond that can often form  between metal and non-metal ions (or polyatomic  ions such as ammonium) through electrostatic  attraction.  — In short, it is a bond formed by the attraction  between two oppositely charged ions. Sodium and chlorine bonding ionically to form sodium chloride. Sodium loses its outer electron to give it a noble gas electron configuration, and this electron enters the chlorine atom exothermically. The oppositely charged ions are then attracted to each other, and their bonding releases energy. The net transfer of energy is that energy leaves the atoms, so the reaction is able to take place. Energy change during the formation of ionic bondNa+Cl-NaCl 2. Characters of ionic bondEssence: electrostatic attractive forcesIf we take ions as charged spheres, according to Coulombs Law, The more the charge of ions, the more the force,  and the more the stability the ionic compounds  formed. The less the distance between the ions(Ro), the  more the force, and the more the stability the  ionic compounds formed. There is no orientation feature and  saturation feature in ionic bond.This is mainly due to the almost symmetric distribution of charges on ions.There is no priority for an ion to attract oppositely charged ion in just one direction. It attracts other ions and forms ionic bonds as more as possible if the space permits. 3. Relation between character of  ionic bond and electronegativity The more the difference in electronegativity  (?A－?B) of two ions, the more the percent of  ionic bond character in the bond formed.However, even the ionic bond formed between cesium, Ce, whose electronegativity is the smallest in periodic table(0.79) , and fluorine, F, whose electronegativity is biggest in periodic ta