层次分析法及真题讲解.pptxVIP

层次分析法建模(AHP)(Analytic Hierarchy Process)东北大学 朱和贵;一、层次分析法概述 二、层次分析法的基本原理 三、层次分析法的步骤和方法 四、层次分析法在建模中的实例讲解;一、层次分析法概述;二、层次分析法的基本原理;三、层次分析法的步骤和方法 ;1. 建立层次结构模型;例1 高中生报志愿问题 每年高考结束后，考生都会根据考分和自己的兴趣爱好，有各自的选择标准和要求。例如： ①学校名声（声誉等） ②专业排名 ③自己的兴趣 ④生活环境（城市、气候、学校软硬件设施等）； ⑤未来的发展前景； ⑥可能的人际关系（人际关系和谐等） ;学校选择;目标层;2. 构造判断(成对比较)矩阵;判断矩阵元素aij的标度方法; 设要比较各准则C1,C2,… , Cn对目标O的重要性;成对比较的不一致情况;考察完全一致的情况;3. 层次单排序及其一致性检验;定义一致性指标:;RI; 一般，当一致性比率 ;“选择旅游地”中准则层对目标的权向量及一致性检验;正互反阵最大特征根和特征向量的简化计算;4. 层次总排序及其一致性检验 ;即 B 层第 i 个因素对总目标的权值为： （影响加和）;层次总排序的一致性检验;;（2）构造成对比较矩阵;(3)计算层次单排序的权向量和一致性检验;第3层对第2层的计算结果;可作为最后的决策依据。;2009 Problems High School Mathematical Contest in Modeling (HiMCM) Problem A: Water, Water Everywhere Fresh water is the limiting constraint for development in much of the United States. Devise an effective, feasible, and cost-efficient national water strategy for 2010 to meet the projected needs of the United States in 2025. In particular, address storage and movement, de-salinization, and conservation as some of the possible components of your strategy. Consider economic, physical, cultural, and environmental effects. Provide a position paper for the United States Congress outlining your approach, its costs, and why it is the best choice for the nation.;2009 Problems High School Mathematical Contest in Modeling (HiMCM) Problem A: Water, Water Everywhere Fresh water is the limiting constraint for development in much of the United States. Devise an effective, feasible, and cost-efficient national water strategy for 2010 to meet the projected needs of the United States in 2025. In particular, address storage and movement, de-salinization, and conservation as some of the possible components of your strategy. Consider economic, physical, cultural, and environmental effects. Provide a position paper for the United States Congress outlining your approach, its costs, and why it is the best choice for the nation.;第三十一页，共六十一页。;第三十二页，共六十一页。;第三十三页，共六十一页。;Regression Models of water use i