巴德 宏观经济学原理（英文版·第8版）Chapter 4.pptxVIP

Why did the price of coffee rise in 2014? 4When you have completed your study of this chapter, you will be able to1 Distinguish between quantity demanded and demand, and explain what determines demand.2 Distinguish between quantity supplied and supply, and explain what determines supply.3 Explain how demand and supply determine price and quantity in a market, and explain the effects of changes in demand and supply.4 Explain how price floors, price ceilings, and sticky prices create surpluses, unemployment, and shortages.CHAPTER CHECKLISTDemand and Supply COMPETITIVE MARKETSA market is any arrangement that brings buyers and sellers together.A market might be a physical place or a group of buyers and sellers spread around the world who never meet. In this chapter, we study a competitive market that has so many buyers and so many sellers that no individual buyer or seller can influence the price.COMPETITIVE MARKETS 4.1 DEMANDQuantity demanded is the amount of a good, service, or resource that people are willing and able to buy during a specified period at a specified price.The quantity demanded is an amount per unit of time. For example, the amount per day or per month. 4.1 DEMANDLaw of DemandOther things remaining the same,If the price of the good rises, the quantity demanded of that good decreases.If the price of the good falls, the quantity demanded of that good increases. 4.1 DEMANDDemand Schedule and Demand CurveDemand is the relationship between the quantity demanded and the price of a good when all other influences on buying plans remain the same. Demand is illustrated by a demand schedule and a demand curve. 4.1 DEMANDDemand schedule is a list of the quantities demanded at each different price when all the other influences on buying plans remain the same. Demand curve is a graph of the relationship between the quantity demanded of a good and its price when all other influences on buying plans remain the same. 4.1 DEMAND 4.1 DEMANDChanges in Dema