高考英语语法：主谓一致与非谓语动词用法口诀讲义.docx

高中英语语法：主谓一致与非谓语动词用法口诀 (一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 ①、主谓分割原则 例1：To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, Americas national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. 分析：symbolize应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开，主语the bald eagle为单数，谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 ②、与后者一致原则 not…but, 强调but后面的名词， not only…but also ③、与前者一致原则 名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词，谓语用is, 中心词在前面，谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 例：The athlete, together with his coach and several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. 分析：谓语动词应该与the athlete 保持一致，所以are改为is ④、就近原则 or, either…or, neither…nor, 单数名词+or+复数名词+are 如果把句子变为一般疑问句，也就是把be动词提到前面，那么变为is 所以注意一点： 如果是陈述句，靠后面近，用复数 如果是疑问句，靠前面近，用单数 例：The structure or behavior of many protozoans are amazingly complex for single-celled animals. 分析：or应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断，主语应该为复数，or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致，behavior是用单数形式，因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 ⑤定语从句主语就近原则 There are five apples that are red. apples是复数，因此从句谓语动词是复数。 例：A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets carry a supply that last just a few seconds. 分析：last应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数，其谓语动词应为单数形式。 ⑥the +形容词主谓一致 The rich are not always happier than the poor. The rich 表示一类人，应该用复数 ⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况： a. there be 句型 there be+名词+名词，那么最近的名词决定其形式 b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词，名词其实是主语，所以be和名词保持一致 例：There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. 分析：there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式，society当然用单数，所以there are 改为there is 例：Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 miles in width. 分析：倒装句，are改为is 例：Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film presented on the five-story-tall screen. 分析：film应改为films , 主语实际上是名词，应该与谓语动词保持一致。 ⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 fifty percent of + 名词 one percent of + 名词 谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系，主要取决于后面的名词，比如： one percent of my students + are fifty percent of my time is spent on working. 这里要强调两个结构 half of =fifty percent most of + 可数名词　+ are most of + 不可数名词+ is 例：Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been found in centra