there be结构考点难点解析讲义-高三英语二轮复习.docxVIP

高中英语语法：there be结构考点难点解析 there be+名词+现在分词 现在分词表示主动关系，同时表示动作正在进行： There is someone waiting for him.?有人在等他。 There was a man standing in front of me.?我前面站着一个男人。 There were some children swimming in the river.?有些小孩在河里游泳。 There were a group of young people working in the fields.?有一群青年在地里劳动。 有时现在分词可表示一种状态： There’s a piano standing against the wall.?靠墙有一架钢琴。 There’re a lot of difficulties facing us.?我们面前有很多困难。 There is a door leading to the garden.?有一座门通往花园。 有个别现在分词用于该结构时可以表示将来(正如它们可用进行时表示将来一样)： There are ten people coming to dinner.?有10个人来吃晚饭。 there be+宾语+过去分词 过去分词表示一种被动关系，同时表示动作已经发生： There is nothing written on it.?上面没写东西。 There were ten people killed in the accident.?事故中有10人丧生。 有时过去分词也可表示一种状态(可转换成被动结构)： There were some old men seated (=who were seated) in the back.?有些老人坐在后面。 There is a red car parked (=which is parked) outside the house.?房子外边停着一辆红色汽车。 there be+宾语+不定式 不定式通常表示动作尚未发生 There was nobody to look after the child.?没有人照顾这孩子。 There was a large crowd to send him off.?有一大群人要来给他送行。 There was so much to lose that we couldn’t take any risks.?可能会有很大的损失，因此我们不能冒险。 当其中的宾语与其后的不定式为被动关系时，可用主动表被动，也可用被动式： There is much work to do [to be done].?有许多工作要做。 有时其中的不定式为系表结构： There is nothing to be afraid of.?没什么可怕的。 What was there to be afraid of.?有什么可怕的? There’s nothing to be ashamed of.?没有什么值得羞愧的。 there be与have的比较 不同之处 一、用法不同 there be?表示某个时间或地方“存在”某人或某物，而have表示主语“拥有”某人或某物，作宾语的某人或某物属主语所有。 二、结构不同 there be + sb./sth. +时间/地点(副词或介词短语)；sb./sth. + have +sb./sth. else There are some children in the garden.花园里有几个孩子。 She has three cars.?她拥有三辆汽车。(汽车是属于她的) 二、相同之处 1.?表示某物体在结构上“装有”“配备有”“固有”时，两者均可用。如： A clock has a round face.= There is a round face on a clock.?钟面上有一个圆型的钟盘。 Each house on the street has a small yard.= There is a small yard in each house on the street.?这条街旁的每栋房子都有一座小花园。 2.?当have表示“包括”时，可以用?There be?替换。如： A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week.?一周有七天。 3.?当?have?表示“存在”时，可以用?There be?替换，如： Our village has only one street.=There is only one street in our village.?我们村里只有