初中英语构词法基本知识讲解.docx

初中英语构词法基本知识讲解 各类构词法一览 前缀 例词 派生词 un- “不” happy like usual friendly unhappy unlike unusual unfriendly im-“不” possible impossible 后缀 例词 派生词 -er“人” teach play clean drive teacher player cleaner driver （以 e 结尾，-r） run runner （重读闭音节，双写-er) -or“人” win travel invent visit winner traveller inventor visitor -ly（副词后缀） bad quick careful happy deep lucky usual noisy slow angry strong quiet badly quickly carefully happily deeply luckily usually noisily slowly angrily strongly quietly 特例：true truly terrible terribly possible possibly -ful（形容词后缀） care careful help helpful use useful forget forgetful -y （形容词后缀） rain rainy luck lucky cloud cloudy noise noisy （以 e 结尾，去 e，加-y） snow snowy sun sunny （双写，加-y） wind windy -ion（名词后缀） invent invention operate operation -ness（名词后缀） busy business good goodness 一些特例： 动词－－－形容词 sleep asleep die dead enjoy enjoyable 动词－－－现在分词转化为名词 boat boating build building begin beginning cross crossing meet meeting turn turning 名词－－－形容词 friend friendly south southern wool woolen danger dangerous difference different fry fried worry worried 动词－－－过去分词转为形容词 break broken lose lost please pleased colour coloured 动词－－－名词 know knowledge fly flight please pleasure 名词－－－名词 farm farmer 农夫 动词－－－现在分词、过去分词转为形容词 follow following interest interested“感兴趣的” 只作表语， 仅用于 be interested in interesting “有趣的” 可作表语 和定语 develop developed “发达的” developing “发展中的”