武理工结构防灾技术课件01绪论.pptxVIP

;;; Chapter 1 Introduction to the disasters Types of disaster Influence of Disasters on Human Measures and Strategy of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Disasters Prevention and Mitigation in Civil Engineering; 1Definition of disaster 由于自然的、 人为的或人与自然综合的原因，发生 的对人类生存和社会发展造成损害的现象 Disaster is a natural or anthropogenic phenomena which negatively effect human survival and society development; 自然灾害 Natural Disaster 给人类生存和发展带来损害的自然现象 The natural phenomenon that threats survival and development of human 社会灾害 Social Disaster 人类社会内部由于人的主观因素和社会行为失调或失控 产生的危害人类自身利益的社会现象 The social phenomenon which endangers the human self-interest because of subjective reasons, disorder or out of control of social behaviors.; 1976年我国唐山发生里氏7.8级的地震 不仅大量的房屋建筑倒塌毁坏而且造成 24.2万人丧生 The M7.8 earthquake in Tangshan in 1976, caused 242 thousand death and the destruction of numerous buildings; 1982年3月28日墨西哥埃尔奇琼火山 喷发使得1700人遇难 The eruption of El Chichón Volcano in Mexico, 1982, caused 1700 casualties; 2008年汶川地震 2008 Wenchuan earthquake; 2011年11月1 日 贵州福泉爆炸，8死300多伤。附近公路的往来车辆，周围的检 修厂，加油站，粮库，民居受到严重影响。 The explosion in Fuquan on 1st November, 2011 casued 8 deaths, over 300 injuries, and heavy impact on nearby vehicles, repair factury, gas station and granary, which severely hampered the life of residents.;; 死亡人数161人，失联者12人,住院治疗者268人. 161 deaths including 23 fire policemen, 73 Tianjin Harbor firemen, 11 policemen, and 54 others. 12 people were reported missing and 268 were in hospital.; 9.11事件 September 11 attacks in 2001 at the world trade center;;;; By the causes of disaster: natural disaster and human-instigated disaster(man-made disasters) O灾害发生过程：原生灾害和次生灾害 By the sequence of occurrence of disaster: primary disaster and secondary disaster; 突变型 地震，火山爆发，泥石流 Rapid-onset disasters: earthquake, volcanic eruption, debris flow 发展型 暴雨，台风 Developing disasters: rainstorm, hurricane 持续型 旱灾，涝灾，传染病 Slow-onset disasters: drought, flood, plague