儿童和青少年高血压英文.pptxVIP

儿童和青少年高血压英文第1页/共35页 Childhood and Adolescent HypertensionCardiovascular Disease Prevention第2页/共35页 Childhood and Adolescent HypertensionTrends during past 50 years-1958-mostly “secondary”Primary considered rare.2008-mostly “primary”,Secondary to obesity and lack of physical activity第3页/共35页 Childhood and Adolescent HypertensionTypes of Cardiovascular preventionPrimordial-Prevention of development of cardiovascular risk factors.Primary-Control cardiovascular risk factors once they are present.Secondary-Reduction of risk factors once a cardiovascular event has occurred.第4页/共35页 Childhood and Adolescent HypertensionPDAY and Bogalusa StudiesFatty streaks in coronary arteries and aorta occur early in life.More advanced fibrous plaques in adolescents and young adults.第5页/共35页 Childhood and Adolescent HypertensionPDAY and Bogalusa StudiesRisk factors of high body mass index, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia – strongly associated with extent of arterial lesions.Presence of multiple risk factors associated with higher risk of atherosclerotic lesions.第6页/共35页 Childhood and Adolescent HypertensionLong-term study of children first seen from 1922 to1935.Of adolescents with BMI greater than 75% relative risk of death from coronary heart disease is 2.3.Also higher morbidity from coronary artery disease. 第7页/共35页 第8页/共35页 Childhood and Adolescent HypertensionClustering of Cardiovascular Risk FactorsStroke associated with obesity and hypertensionObese children often have some degree of insulin resistanceInsulin resistance syndrome occurs in children with truncal obesity, high triglycerides, low LDL-C, hyperinsulinemia第9页/共35页 Childhood and Adolescent HypertensionEvaluation of Children and AdolescentsHistory about physical activity, food choices, smoking, sleep disorders.Family history of early (under 55 years) of cardiovascular events or disease.第10页/共35页 Childhood and Adolescent HypertensionEvaluation of Children and AdolescentsCareful and repeated measurement of blood pressureMe