光学谐振腔与高斯光束.pptxVIP

光学谐振腔与高斯光束;Laser cavities differ in several significant ways from the closed microwave cavities that are commonly treated in electromagnetic theory textbooks. Optical resonators first of all usually have open sides, and hence always have diffraction losses because of energy leaking out the sides of the resonator to infinity. Optical resonators are also usually described in scalar or quasi plane-wave terms, with emphasis on the diffraction effects at apertures and mirrors edges, rather than in vector terms with emphasis on matching boundary conditions. The distinction between “longitudinal” and “transverse” modes in the resonator is also much sharper in optical than in microwave resonators.;一 谐振腔的作用;二 无源谐振腔;三 采用的理论;四 开放式光腔;五 开腔的分类;Optical resonators can usually be divided into either “geometrically stable” or “geometrically unstable” categories (where these terms refer to ray stability within the resonators, and have nothing to do with whether or not the laser is or is not stable against laser oscillation);稳定腔、非稳腔、临界腔 球面腔与非球面腔 驻波腔与行波腔 两镜腔与多镜腔 简单腔与复合腔 端面反馈腔与分布反馈腔;六 无源谐振腔的模式;模的概念——腔与模的一般联系;目的：弄清楚激光模式的基本特征及其与腔的结构之间的具体依赖关系。 模的基本特征包括： 每一个模的电磁场分布，特别是在腔的横截面内的场分布； 模的谐振频率； 每一个模在腔内往返一次经受的相对功率损耗； 与每一个模相对应的激光束的发散角 原则上，只要知道了腔的参数，就可以唯一地确定模的基本特征。;开腔中的振荡模式以TEMmnq表征。TEM表示纵向电场为零的横电磁波，m、n、q为正整数，其中q为纵模指数， m、n为横模指数。模的纵向电磁场分布由纵模指数表征，横向电磁场分布与横模指数有关。 m与n为零的模称作基模，m=1或n=1的模称作高阶模。 一个完整的模式不但有确定的横向分布，而且沿纵向形成驻波（驻波型谐振腔）。横模与纵模体现了电磁场模式的两个方面，一个模式同时属于一个横模和一个纵模。;纵模和谐振频率;发生相长干涉的条件是：波从某一点出发，经腔内往返一周再回到原来位置时，应与初始出发波同相（即??差是2?的整数倍）。;此式又称为驻波条件。表明：达到谐振时，腔的光学长度应为半波长的整数倍。 满足此条件的平面驻波场称为腔的本征模式 特点：腔内光强沿z轴的分布不是均匀的，而是强弱相间地分布着。光强最强的明亮区，称为波腹；最弱的黑暗区，称为波节。 通常将由整数q所表征的腔内纵向光场的分布称为腔的纵模，不同的q相应于不同的纵模，或相应于驻波场波腹的个数。 纵模间隔与q无关，腔的纵模在频率尺度上是等间隔排列的。;The oscillation frequency is determined by the requirement that phase delay per round trip be some integer, say q, of 2?. The integer q corresponds to the number of maxima of the standing wave interference pattern between the two reflectors.;七 光腔的损耗(losses in optical resonators